Routine excision of the apex of the lung | Controversial |
Selective excision of blebs or bullae | Controversial as not evidence-based for pulmonologists; general agreement among surgeons |
Bullectomy | Controversial but better results than bullae ligation in non-randomised studies |
Coverage of staple line with absorbable mesh | To be confirmed |
Electro- or cold coagulation of blebs and bullae | Controversial |
Endobronchial valves to close persistent air leak | Still anecdotal |
Talc poudrage | 95% success rate at follow-up; not advisable as sole treatment in cases of significant bullae |