TABLE 3 Cox proportional hazards models for all-cause mortality^#

	Model 1^¶	Model 2⁺
Sex
Male	1	1
Female	0.73 (0.65–0.82)***	0.73 (0.65–0.82)***
Age at baseline years	1.11 (1.10–1.11)***	1.11 (1.10–1.12)***
BMI
Normal 18.5–25 kg·m⁻²	1	1
Underweight <18.5 kg·m⁻²	1.71 (1.17–2.48)*	1.69 (1.16–2.47)*
Overweight 25–30 kg·m⁻²	0.91 (0.81–1.02)	0.91 (0.81–1.02)
Obese ⩾30 kg·m⁻²	1.32 (1.09–1.59)*	1.31 (1.08–1.58)*
Education for >12 years	0.90 (0.81–1.00)*	0.90 (0.81–1.00)*
Smoking status
Never-smoker	1	1
Former smoker	0.89 (0.76–1.05)	0.89 (0.76–1.04)
Current smoker	1.42 (1.21–1.67)***	1.41 (1.20–1.66)***
Pack-years	1.01 (1.01–1.01)***	1.01 (1.01–1.01)***
AL/asthma groups
AL−/asthma−	1	1
AL−/asthma+	1.09 (0.89–1.34)	1.08 (0.89–1.31)
AL+/asthma−	1.34 (1.14–1.57)***	1.37 (1.14–1.63)*
AL+/asthma+	2.14 (1.64–2.79)***	2.35 (1.77–3.11)***

Data are presented as hazard ratio (95% confidence interval). BMI: body mass index; AL: airflow limitation. ^#: n=2118; ^¶: based on the definition of airflow limitation as forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV₁)/forced vital capacity (FVC) <70%; ⁺: based on the definition of airflow limitation as FEV₁/FVC less than the lower limit of normal. *: p<0.05; ***: p<0.001.