Period 1# | Period 2¶ | p-value | |
Patient characteristics | |||
Patients n | 421 | 425 | |
Age years | 65 (58–73) | 64 (57–72) | 0.04 |
Smoking history pack-years | 40 (26–57) | 40 (24–57) | 0.99 |
Females % | 19 | 26 | 0.01 |
FEV1 % predicted | 48.1 (33.6–65.4) | 54.0 (38.0–69.4) | 0.001 |
GOLD grade 3–4 % | 53 | 45 | 0.02 |
Exacerbations per patient per year+ | 1.0 (0–3.0) | 1.0 (0–2.0) | 0.06 |
mMRC dyspnoea grade | 2.0 (1.0–2.0) | 2.0 (1.0–2.0) | 0.61 |
SGRQ total score | 44 (32–62) | 43 (27–58) | 0.06 |
Inhaled treatment % | |||
LAMA alone | 0.7 | 11.9 | <0.0001 |
LABA alone | 9.9 | 4.5 | 0.003 |
ICS alone | 9.6 | 2.1 | <0.0001 |
LABA+LAMA | 0.9 | 7 | <0.0001 |
LABA+ICS alone | 54.1 | 24 | <0.0001 |
LAMA+LABA+ICS | 2.4 | 32.5 | <0.0001 |
All LAMA | 4.0§ | 53.0 | <0.0001 |
All LABA | 66.4 | 67.2 | 0.79 |
All ICS | 66.1 | 60.1 | 0.07 |
All ICS+LABA | 56.5 | 56.5 | 1 |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) unless otherwise stated. FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; GOLD: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; mMRC: modified Medical Research Council; SGRQ: St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire; LAMA: long-acting muscarinic agent; LABA: long-acting β2-agonist; ICS: inhaled corticosteroid. #: May 2002 to May 31, 2006 (before LAMA release); ¶: June 1, 2006 to June 20, 2012 (after LAMA release); +: during the year before inclusion; §: patients participating in clinical trials.