| Metabolic phenotype | Definition | Clinical risk |
| Obesity | BMI 30–35 kg·m−2 | Increased cardiovascular risk |
| Morbid obesity | BMI >35 kg·m−2 | Increased cardiovascular risk Impaired physical performance |
| Sarcopenic obesity | BMI 30–35 kg·m−2 and SMI <2 sd below mean of young M and F reference groups [5] | Increased cardiovascular risk Impaired physical performance |
| Sarcopenia | SMI <2 sd below mean of young M and F reference groups | Increased mortality risk Impaired physical performance |
| Cachexia | Unintentional weight loss >5% in 6 months and FFMI <17 kg·m−2 (M) or <15 kg·m−2 (F) | Increased mortality risk Impaired physical performance |
| Precachexia | Unintentional weight loss >5% in 6 months | Increased mortality risk |
BMI: body mass index (weight/height2); SMI: appendicular skeletal muscle index (appendicular lean mass/height2); M: male; F: female; FFMI: fat-free mass index (fat-free mass/height2).