Table: Rate ratio of all COPD exacerbations by subgroups

	QVA149 versus GLY	QVA149 versus TIO
Age (yrs)
<65	0.91	0.89
65-<75	0.83^∗	0.81^∗
≥75	0.58†	0.79
Gender
Male	0.84^†	0.84^†
Female	0.90	0.91
Race
Caucasian	0.88^∗	0.88^∗
Asian	0.77	0.73^∗
Other	0.69	0.85
Smoking status
Ex-smokers	0.83^†	0.84^†
Current smokers	0.89	0.89
COPD severity
Severe or less	0.88^∗	0.82^‡
Very severe	0.77^∗	1.04
ICS use
No	0.88	0.95
Yes	0.84^†	0.83^‡
BMI
≤30 kg⁄m²	0.83^‡	0.81^‡
>30 kg⁄m²	0.98	1.09

^‡p≤0.001, ^†p≤0.01, ^∗p≤0.05