A) Risk of carotid artery wall thickening determined by ultrasonography | Model 1 (n=1117) | Model 2 (n=1090) | ||||
Categorical, versus no COPD | OR | 95% CI | P value | OR | 95% CI | P value |
COPD, without frequent exacerbations | 2.2 | 1.47-3.18 | <0.001 | 2.1 | 1.36-3.08 | 0.001 |
COPD, with frequent exacerbations | 3.7 | 1.38-9.69 | 0.009 | 3.4 | 1.22-9.21 | 0.019 |
B) Risk of lipid core carotid plaques determined by MRI | Model 1 (n=347) | Model 2 (n=342) | ||||
Categorical, versus no COPD | OR | 95% CI | P value | OR | 95% CI | P value |
COPD, without frequent exacerbations | 1.8 | 1.01-3.22 | 0.047 | 1.9 | 0.98-3.53 | 0.056 |
COPD, with frequent exacerbations | 3.6 | 1.29-9.84 | 0.014 | 3.2 | 1.11-9.24 | 0.031 |
Model 1: Age and sex adjusted. Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, Body Mass Index, smoking status, hypertension, High-Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (serum, mmol/l), triglycerides (serum, mmol/l), hemoglobin (mmol/l), diabetes and creatinin (serum, µmol/l).