Total | Non-PH | Pre-capillary PH | p-value# | |
Patients | 50 | 25 | 22 | |
Females | 39 (78) | 21 (84) | 15 (68) | 0.18 |
Age years | 61±11 | 61±12 | 60±11 | 0.80 |
Body mass index kg·m−2 | 28±5 | 28±5 | 28±6 | 0.59 |
Baseline dyspnoea index | 6±2 | 6±2 | 5±2 | 0.07 |
NYHA functional class II/III/IV | 18/27/2 | 10/15/0 | 8/12/2 | 0.31 |
Pulmonary function testing¶ | ||||
FVC % predicted | 59±22 | 69±22 | 50±17 | <0.01 |
FEV1 % predicted | 65±24 | 75±23 | 54±17 | <0.01 |
DLCO % predicted | 44±15 | 47±14 | 37±12 | 0.03 |
FVC/DLCO % predicted | 1.5 (1.4–1.7) | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) | 1.6 (1.4–1.8) | 0.68 |
Blood gas analysis | ||||
PaO2 at rest mmHg | 68.5 (54.5–75.0) | 73.0 (62.2–78.5) | 59.0 (47.8–69.3) | <0.01 |
PaCO2 at rest mmHg | 37.9±4.7 | 37.5±3.8 | 38.1±5.4 | 0.68 |
6-min walk test | ||||
Distance m | 338±105 | 365±99 | 321±108 | 0.15 |
Final SpO2 % | 82±9 | 86±7 | 78±8 | <0.01 |
Echocardiography+ | ||||
TRV m·s−1 | 2.8±0.6 | 2.6±0.3 | 3.1±0.8 | 0.08 |
sPAP mmHg | 35 (30–40) | 34 (30–36) | 38 (29–49) | 0.31 |
NT-proBNP pg·mL−1 | 78.7 (44.9–143.1) | 78.7 (49.7–128.4) | 68.8 (34.8–145.8) | 0.71 |
Right heart catheterisation | ||||
RAP mmHg | 8±4 | 7±3 | 7±4 | 0.72 |
mPAP mmHg | 25 (21–30) | 21 (20–23) | 30 (27–35) | <0.01 |
PAWP mmHg | 10±4 | 10±3 | 10±4 | 0.74 |
TPG mmHg | 15 (11–19) | 11 (10–14) | 19 (17–25) | <0.01 |
PVR Wood units | 3.2 (2.3–3.8) | 2.3 (1.9–2.8) | 4.0 (3.5–4.9) | <0.01 |
Cardiac index L·min−1·m−2 | 2.8 (2.4–3.0) | 2.8 (2.4–3.2) | 2.7 (2.4–2.9) | 0.59 |
Data are presented as n, n (%), mean±sd or median (interquartile range), unless otherwise stated. PH: pulmonary hypertension; NYHA: New York Heart Association; FVC: forced vital capacity; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; DLCO: diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; PaO2: arterial oxygen tension; PaCO2: arterial carbon dioxide tension; SpO2: arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry; TRV: tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity; sPAP: systolic pulmonary arterial pressure; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; RAP: right atrial pressure; mPAP: mean pulmonary arterial pressure; PAWP: pulmonary arterial wedge pressure; TPG: transpulmonary gradient; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance. #: comparing pre-capillary PH patients with non-PH patients. ¶: FVC and FEV1 values could not be obtained in two patients (one from each group); DLCO values could not be obtained in nine patients (six from the pre-capillary PH group). +: 17 patients had no detectable tricuspid regurgitant jet (eight from the pre-capillary PH group).