EBC NO2−/NO3− level μmol per mg proteins# | FeNO level ppb¶ | (NO2− + NO3−)/NO ratio level+ | ||||||||||
n | GM | 95% CI | p-value | n | GM | 95% CI | p-value | n | Mean | 95% CI | p-value | |
Allergic sensitisation | ||||||||||||
No | 219 | 2.03 | 1.73–2.38 | 219 | 12.6 | 11.6–13.6 | 219 | 0.29 | 11.6–13.6 | |||
Yes | 304 | 2.41 | 2.11–2.76 | 0.10 | 304 | 17.3 | 15.9–18.8 | <0.0001 | 304 | 0.31 | 15.9–18.8 | 0.7 |
Current rhinitis | ||||||||||||
No | 312 | 2.20 | 1.93–2.51 | 312 | 13.8 | 12.8–14.8 | 312 | 0.30 | 0.25–0.36 | |||
Yes | 205 | 2.30 | 1.94–2.72 | 0.7 | 205 | 17.7 | 16.1–19.6 | <0.0001 | 205 | 0.29 | 0.22–0.36 | 0.8 |
SPT+ and current rhinitis | ||||||||||||
No | 219 | 2.03 | 1.73–2.38 | 219 | 12.6 | 11.6–13.6 | 219 | 0.29 | 0.22–0.36 | |||
SPT+ | 131 | 2.34 | 1.90–2.89 | 0.10§ | 131 | 15.9 | 14.0–18.0 | <0.0001§ | 131 | 0.29 | 0.21–0.38 | 0.6§ |
Both | 172 | 2.47 | 2.07–2.94 | 172 | 18.4 | 16.5–20.5 | 172 | 0.32 | 0.25–0.39 | |||
Model adjusted for centre only | ||||||||||||
Allergic sensitisation | ||||||||||||
No | 219 | 1.87 | 1.55–2.26 | 219 | 14.2 | 12.8–15.7 | 219 | 0.25 | 0.17–0.33 | |||
Yes | 304 | 2.26 | 1.92–2.66 | 0.06 | 304 | 19.4 | 17.7–21.1 | <0.0001 | 304 | 0.27 | 0.20–0.34 | 0.6 |
Current rhinitis | ||||||||||||
No | 312 | 1.97 | 1.66–2.33 | 312 | 15.2 | 13.9–16.7 | 312 | 0.25 | 0.18–0.32 | |||
Yes | 205 | 2.26 | 1.87–2.72 | 0.19 | 205 | 20.1 | 18.2–22.2 | <0.0001 | 205 | 0.27 | 0.19–0.35 | 0.7 |
SPT+ and current rhinitis | ||||||||||||
No | 219 | 1.87 | 1.55–2.26 | 219 | 14.2 | 12.8–15.7 | 219 | 0.25 | 0.17–0.33 | |||
SPT+ | 131 | 2.12 | 1.70–2.64 | 0.04§ | 131 | 17.5 | 15.6–19.8 | <0.0001§ | 131 | 0.24 | 0.15–0.34 | 0.4§ |
Both | 172 | 2.37 | 1.94–2.89 | 172 | 20.7 | 18.6–23.0 | 172 | 0.29 | 0.20–0.37 | |||
Model adjusted for all covariates | ||||||||||||
Allergic sensitisation | ||||||||||||
No | 215 | 1.72 | 1.38–2.14 | 219 | 14.8 | 13.3–16.5 | 219 | 0.21 | 0.13–0.30 | |||
Yes | 295 | 2.36 | 1.96–2.84 | 0.008 | 304 | 18.3 | 16.7–20.0 | 0.0006 | 304 | 0.29 | 0.22–0.36 | 0.10 |
Current rhinitis | ||||||||||||
No | 305 | 1.90 | 1.57–2.31 | 312 | 15.4 | 14.0–16.9 | 312 | 0.24 | 0.16–0.31 | |||
Yes | 199 | 2.31 | 1.87–2.84 | 0.09 | 205 | 19.2 | 17.4–21.2 | 0.0001 | 205 | 0.28 | 0.20–0.36 | 0.3 |
SPT+ and current rhinitis | ||||||||||||
No | 215 | 1.71 | 1.37–2.13 | 219 | 14.8 | 13.3–16.5 | 219 | 0.21 | 0.12–0.29 | |||
SPT+ | 128 | 2.17 | 1.70–2.76 | 0.005§ | 131 | 16.4 | 14.6–18.4 | <0.0001§ | 131 | 0.26 | 0.17–0.36 | 0.06§ |
Both | 166 | 2.50 | 2.01–3.12 | 172 | 19.7 | 17.7–21.9 | 172 | 0.32 | 0.23–0.40 | |||
Allergic sensitisation (indoor only) | ||||||||||||
No | 215 | 1.66 | 1.28–2.16 | 219 | 14.2 | 12.7–15.9 | 219 | 0.21 | 0.10–0.31 | |||
Yes | 76 | 2.03 | 1.47–2.81 | 0.2 | 80 | 17.1 | 14.8–19.7 | 0.02 | 80 | 0.26 | 0.13–0.40 | 0.4 |
Allergic sensitisation (outdoor only) | ||||||||||||
No | 215 | 1.66 | 1.28–2.15 | 219 | 14.6 | 13.2–16.3 | 219 | 0.20 | 0.09–0.31 | |||
Yes | 45 | 1.78 | 1.21–2.62 | 0.7 | 46 | 17.2 | 14.6–20.2 | 0.06 | 46 | 0.20 | 0.03–0.36 | 0.9 |
Allergic sensitisation (moulds only) | ||||||||||||
No | 217 | 1.58 | 1.20–2.06 | 219 | 14.5 | 13.0–16.2 | 219 | 0.18 | 0.07–0.30 | |||
Yes | 7 | 3.96 | 1.69–9.29 | 0.04 | 7 | 21.2 | 14.6–30.6 | 0.06 | 7 | 0.49 | 0.11–0.87 | 0.12 |
GM: geometric mean; SPT+: positive skin prick test, i.e. a mean wheal diameter ≥3 mm than the negative control for at least one of 12 aeroallergens. #: adjusted for age, sex, smoking, ambient ozone concentration, asthma and centre; ¶: adjusted for age, sex, smoking, height, asthma and centre (generalised estimating equation regression methods); +: adjusted for age, sex, smoking, asthma and centre; §: p-value for trend.