Table 1.
| Rate of change (L/yr) | All males (N=411) | Smoking males (N=141) | All females (N=633) | Smoking females (N=231) |
| FEV1 | -0.070 ± 0.142 ** | -0.102 ± 0.143 **† | -0.036 ± 0.131 | -0.040 ± 0.155 |
| VC | -0.097 ± 0.284 ** | -0.117 ± 0.293 ** | -0.047 ± 0.180 | -0.045 ± 0.197 |
** P<0.01 compared to corresponding female value. † P <0.05 compared to all males value.