Age years | 50.8±10.9 |
Age distribution | |
≤50 years | 96 (50.3) |
51–55 years | 30 (15.7) |
56–60 years | 26 (13.6) |
>60 years | 39 (20.4) |
Females | 72 (37.7) |
Smoking status | |
Never-smokers | 21 (11.0) |
Current smokers | 7 (3.7) |
Smoking history pack-years | 18.2±16.3 |
mMRC dyspnoea score | |
0 | 8 (4.2) |
1 | 65 (34.0) |
2 | 72 (37.7) |
3 | 36 (18.9) |
4 | 10 (5.2) |
Body mass index kg·m−2 | 22.9±4.0 |
GOLD stage | |
I# | 10 (5.3%) |
II¶ | 41 (21.6%) |
III+ | 57 (29.8) |
IV§ | 83 (43.5) |
Exacerbations | |
In the year before study inclusion | 1.4±1.8 |
At least one exacerbation in the year before inclusion | 108 (56.5) |
History of wheezing | 109 (57.7) |
Chronic bronchitis | 68 (35.9) |
FEV1 % of predicted | 42.5±19.9 |
TLC % of predicted | 127.9±24.4 |
Charlson indexƒ | 2.7±1.3 |
6-min walking distance m | 433.1±135.7 |
Treatment | |
Inhaled corticosteroids | 157 (82.6) |
Long-acting β2-agonists | 171 (90.0) |
Long-acting anticholinergic agents | 142 (75.6) |
Augmentation therapy | 97 (50.8) |
Oxygen required at rest | 62 (32.6) |
Data are presented as mean±sd or n (%). mMRC: modified Medical Research Council; GOLD: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; TLC: total lung capacity. #: mild; ¶: moderate; +: severe; §: very severe; ƒ: scores on the Charlson index can range from 0 to 33, with higher scores indicating more coexisting conditions.