| Country | Notified TB cases in 2012 n# | Microscopy centres n | Total microscopy centres % | Total sputum smear volume (millions) | Total sputum smear volume % | Sputum smear market for initial diagnosis¶ | Replacement test market+ | ||
| Smears n (millions) | Estimated (range) expenditure(US$ millions) | Tests n (millions) | Potential market value (US$ millions) | ||||||
| Non-BRICS | |||||||||
| Afghanistan§ | 29 578 | 710 | 1.7 | 0.022 | 0.0 | 0.017 | 0.03 (0.02–0.05) | 0.009 | 0.04 |
| Zimbabwe | 38 720 | 220 | 0.5 | 0.064 | 0.1 | 0.051 | 0.09 (0.07–0.14) | 0.025 | 0.13 |
| Cambodia | 40 258 | 214 | 0.5 | 0.550 | 0.7 | 0.437 | 0.77 (0.56–1.18) | 0.218 | 1.09 |
| Uganda | 47 211 | 1165 | 2.7 | 0.260 | 0.3 | 0.206 | 0.37 (0.26–0.56) | 0.103 | 0.52 |
| Mozambique | 50 827 | 300 | 0.7 | 0.248 | 0.3 | 0.197 | 0.35 (0.25–0.53) | 0.098 | 0.49 |
| Thailand | 61 208 | 1081 | 2.5 | 1.61 | 2.1 | 1.28 | 2.27 (1.64–3.45) | 0.640 | 3.20 |
| Tanzania | 63 892 | 830 | 1.9 | 0.852 | 1.1 | 0.677 | 1.20 (0.87–1.82) | 0.338 | 1.69 |
| Nigeria | 97 853 | 1341 | 3.1 | 1.33 | 1.7 | 1.06 | 1.88 (1.36–2.85) | 0.530 | 2.65 |
| Kenya | 99 149 | 1818 | 4.2 | 4.86 | 6.3 | 3.86 | 6.83 (4.95–10.40) | 1.93 | 9.64 |
| Vietnam | 103 906 | 818 | 1.9 | 2.46 | 3.2 | 1.95 | 3.46 (2.51–5.27) | 0.977 | 4.89 |
| Democratic Republic of Congo | 112 499 | 1522 | 3.6 | 0.972 | 1.3 | 0.772 | 1.37 (0.99–2.08) | 0.386 | 1.93 |
| Ethiopia | 147 592 | 2497 | 5.8 | 6.04 | 7.8 | 4.80 | 8.51 (6.16–12.94) | 2.40 | 12.0 |
| Burma | 148 149 | 358 | 0.8 | 1.17 | 1.5 | 0.930 | 1.65 (1.19–2.51) | 0.465 | 2.33 |
| Bangladesh | 173 619 | 1070 | 2.5 | 4.13 | 5.3 | 3.28 | 5.81 (4.21–8.83) | 1.64 | 8.20 |
| Philippines | 235 608 | 2565 | 6.0 | 1.81 | 2.3 | 1.44 | 2.54 (1.84–3.87) | 0.718 | 3.59 |
| Pakistan | 273 097 | 1171 | 2.7 | 1.79 | 2.3 | 1.42 | 2.52 (1.82–3.83) | 0.711 | 3.55 |
| Indonesia | 331 424 | 5566 | 13.0 | 2.04 | 2.6 | 1.62 | 2.88 (2.08–4.38) | 0.812 | 4.06 |
| BRICS countries | |||||||||
| Brazil | 82 755 | 2510 | 5.9 | 1.14 | 1.5 | 0.905 | 1.60 (1.16–2.44) | 0.453 | 2.26 |
| Russian Federation | 149 921 | 1031 | 2.4 | 8.86 | 11.4 | 7.04 | 12.5 (9.04–19.0) | 3.52 | 17.6 |
| South Africa | 349 582 | 240 | 0.6 | 4.57 | 5.9 | 3.63 | 6.43 (4.66–9.77) | 1.81 | 9.07 |
| China | 900 678 | 2800 | 6.5 | 12.0 | 15.5 | 9.53 | 16.9 (12.2–25.7) | 4.77 | 23.8 |
| India | 1 467 585 | 13 000 | 30.4 | 20.8 | 26.8 | 16.6 | 29.3 (21.3–44.6) | 8.28 | 41.4 |
| Total | 5 005 111 | 42 827 | 100 | 77.6 | 100 | 61.7 | 109 (79.1–166) | 30.8 | 154 |
Countries listed in order of the number of notified TB cases in 2012. BRICS: Brazil, Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa. #: data obtained from [12]. ¶: we assumed for all countries that, on average, 79% of the sputum smears were performed for initial diagnosis (the average proportion reported by 11 countries able to stratify smears for initial diagnosis and those performed for treatment monitoring). The number of initial smears was multiplied by US$1.77 (range US$1.28–2.69); the median unit costs for a smear according to Lu et al. [11]. Smear costs included various components (e.g. material, labour, equipment and overheads) although the exact components included differed across studies or were not always reported. +: we assumed that a replacement test would only need a single test on one sample (as opposed to an average of two samples for sputum smear microscopy) and multiplied these by US$5, the anticipated costs for a hypothetical replacement test. §: smear volumes were recognised to be under-reported by laboratories.