Table 1– Overall patient characteristics by pulmonary shunt grade on transthoracic contrast echocardiography
No shuntGrade 1Grade 2Grade 3Total
Persons262 (33.9)201 (26.1)150 (19.4)159 (20.6)772
Age years mean±sd47.3±15.144.9±16.143.7±16.044.8±14.245.5±15.4
Sex
 Females146 (32.5)113 (25.2)79 (17.6)111 (24.7)449 (58.2)
 Males116 (35.9)88 (27.2)71 (22.0)48 (14.9)323 (41.8)
HHT
 Definite204 (29.7)186 (27.0)145 (21.1)153 (22.2)688 (89.1)
 Possible58 (69.0)15 (17.9)5 (6.0)6 (7.1)84 (10.9)
 Genetic testing
  HHT121 (9.4)39 (17.4)57 (25.4)107 (47.8)224 (29.0)
  HHT2145 (47.5)104 (34.1)38 (12.5)18 (5.9)305 (39.5)
  SMAD41 (10.0)4 (40.0)2 (20.0)3 (30.0)10 (1.3)
  Unknown#95 (40.8)54 (23.2)53 (22.7)31 (13.3)233 (30.2)
  • Data are presented as n (%), unless otherwise stated. HHT: hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. #: unknown family mutation or genetic testing not performed.