Study | Country | Accrual/last screening¶ | Baseline screening participants (randomised) | Low-dose CT timing | CT collimation mm | Age years | Males % | Risk factors |
Single-arm trials | ||||||||
Swensen [21], [22], 2003, 2005 | USA | 1999/2003 | 1520 | Annual 5 years | 5 | 50–85 | 52 | Smoking: ≥20 PY; active or quit <10 years |
Pastorino [27], 2003; Veronesi [28], 2010 | Italy | 2000/2008 | 1035 | Annual 7 years | 10 | ≥50 | 71 | Smoking: ≥20 PY |
Henschke [19], 2006 (IELCAP) | International: USA, Europe, Japan, China, Israel | 1993–2005/2005 | 31 567 | Annual | NR+ | 40–85 | NR | Any smokers; ex-smokers; passive smokers; occupational exposure§ |
Veronesi [23], [24], 2008 | Italy | 2004–2005/2006 | 5201 | Baseline and 1 year later | 2.5 | ≥50 | 66 | Smoking: ≥20 PY; active or quit <10 years |
Wilson [25], 2008 (PLuSS) | USA | 2002–2005/2006 | 3642 (3755) | Baseline and 1 year later | 2.5 | 50–79 | 51 | 12.5 yearsƒ; if quit <10 years |
Menezes [26], 2010 | Canada | 2003–2007/2008## | 3352 | Annual | 1–1.25 | 50–80 | 46 | Any smoking history of ≥10 PY |
Randomised controlled trials | ||||||||
DANTE [29], [30], 2008, 2009 | Italy | 2001–2006/2008 | 2472: CT 1276 (1403); control 1196 (1408) | Annual CT 5 years versus usual care | 5 | 60–74 | 100 | Smoking: ≥20 PY; active or quit <10 years |
DLCST [31], [32], 2009, 2012 | Denmark | 2004–2006/2010 | 4104: CT 2052 (2052); control 2052 (2052) | Annual CT 5 years versus usual care | 0.75 | 50–70 | 55 | Smoking: ≥20 PY; active or quit <10 years after age 50 years |
NELSON [34], [47], [48], 2006, 2009, 2013 | The Netherlands, Belgium | 2004–2006/2008¶¶ | 15 822: CT 7557 (7915); control 7907 (7907) | Low-dose CT in years 1, 2, 4 versus no screen | 0.75 | 50–75 | 84 | 15 PY++; quit ≤10 years |
ITALUNG [36], [37], 2009, 2013 | ITALY | 2004–2006/2010 | 3206: CT 1406 (1613); control 1593 (1593) | Annual CT 4 years versus usual care | 0.75–3 | 55–69 | 65 | Smoking: ≥20 PY; quit ≤10 years |
LSS [38], [39], 2004, 2005 | USA | 2000/2001 | 3318: CT 1586 (1660); rad. 1550 (1658) | Baseline CT and 1 year later versus rad. | 5 | 55–74 | 58 | Smoking: ≥30 PY; quit ≤10 years |
NLST [41]–[43], 2011, 2013 | USA | 2002–2004/2007 | 53 454: CT 2639 (26 722), rad. 2605 (26 732) | Annual CT 3 years versus rad. | ≤2.5 | 55–74 | 59 | Smoking: ≥30 PY; quit ≤15 years |
MILD [45], 2012 | Italy | 2005–2011/2011 | 4099: Annual CT 1152 (1190); biannual CT 1149 (1186); control 1723 (1723) | Annual CT versus biannual CT versus control | 1 | ≥49 | 66 | Smoking: ≥20 PY; quit ≤10 years |
LUSI [46], 2012 | Germany | 2007–2011/2012 | 4052: CT 2029; Control 2023 | Annual CT 4 years versus usual care | 1 | 50–69 | 65 | 15 PY++; quit ≤10 years |
PY: pack-years; NR: not reported; rad.: radiograph. #: with criterion of more than 1000 participants in the low-dose CT arm; ¶: year in which accrual screening was carried out/last year of screening (at time of latest publication); +: paper referring to the protocol on IELCAP website with the latest protocol (July 1, 2011); in ELCAP, 10 mm; §: asbestos, beryllium, uranium or radon; ƒ: at least one half-pack per day for at least 25 years; ##: “to date” paper received January 2009; ¶¶: second round; ++: more than 15 cigarettes a day for more than 25 years, or more than 10 cigarettes a day for more than 30 years.