Table 1– Baseline plasma cytokine levels and associated hazard ratios (HRs) for death for patients with idiopathic, heritable, and drug- and toxin-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension

Cytokine	Concentration pg·mL⁻¹	Unadjusted HR (95% CI)^#	p-value	Adjusted HR (95% CI)^¶	p-value
IL-1α	0.52±1.11	1.35 (1.01–1.82)	0.04	1.74 (1.25–2.43)	0.001
IL-1β	2.82±3.89	1.41 (1.01–1.97)	0.04	1.43 (1.01–2.03)	0.04
IL-2	1.88±4.03	1.31 (0.92–1.84)	0.13
IL-3	4.07±5.75	1.42 (0.89–2.26)	0.14
IL-4	1.24±1.38	1.04 (0.65–1.67)	0.87
IL-6	3.64±5.21	1.45 (1.09–1.92)	0.01	1.33 (0.98–1.81)	0.06
IL-7	4.01±3.32	0.75 (0.41–1.38)	0.36
IL-8	35.7±92.4	1.07 (0.72–1.60)	0.73
IL-10	1.65±10.67	0.71 (0.12–4.24)	0.71
IL-12^p70	2.64±3.90	0.96 (0.59–1.57)	0.89
IL-13	1.28±1.93	1.54 (1.00–2.38)	0.05	1.81 (1.08–3.01)	0.02
IL-23	5±6	1.44 (0.57–3.66)	0.44
IFN-γ	0.72±1.10	1.09 (0.68–1.76)	0.72
TNF-α	3.07±1.68	1.50 (1.14–1.96)	0.004	1.69 (1.14–2.51)	0.009
MCP-1	138±70	1.18 (0.83–1.68)	0.35
VEGF	61.9±76.2	0.85 (0.48–1.50)	0.57
EGF	19.5±30.7	0.75 (0.35–1.60)	0.45

Data are presented as mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. n=74. IL: interleukin; IFN: interferon; TNF: tumour necrosis factor; MCP: monocyte chemoattractant protein; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; EGF: epidermal growth factor. ^#: corresponds to 1 sd increment in the values except for IL-23, for which the HR corresponds to the detection of values >0.1 ng·mL⁻¹. ^¶: adjusted for age, 6-min walk distance, cardiac output and right atrial pressure; missing values for covariates were imputed by means of multiple imputations.