Females# | Males¶ | p-value+ | |
Age years | 93.2±0.3 | 93.1±0.3 | ns |
Height m | 1.60±0.07 | 1.72±0.07 | <0.0001 |
Weight kg | 58.4±9.8 | 70.8±9.2 | <0.0001 |
BMI kg·m−2 | 22.8±3.6 | 24.1±3.0 | <0.0001 |
Smoking pack-years | 6.1±14.4§ | 21.1±22.1¶¶ | <0.0001 |
PEF L·s−1 | 2.54±1.02ƒ | 3.63±1.72++ | <0.0001 |
FEV1 L | 1.15±0.35 | 1.62±0.55 | <0.0001 |
FEV6 L | 1.74±0.53## | 2.51±0.73§§ | <0.0001 |
MMSE score | 22.6±5.1 | 23.6±5.4 | <0.001 |
Grip strength kg | 13.7±6.7 | 24.1±17.3 | <0.0001 |
Data are presented as mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. Numbers of subjects represent those with valid data. BMI: body mass index; PEF: peak expiratory flow; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FEV6: forced expiratory volume in 6 s; MMSE: Mini Mental State Examination; ns: nonsignificant. #: n=428, unless otherwise stated; ¶: n=164, unless otherwise stated; +: Wilcoxon rank sum test comparisons between the sexes; §: n=401; ƒ: n=411; ##: n=337; ¶¶: n=157; ++: n=162; §§: n=127.