Table 1– Characteristics of European-American and African-American participants with spirometry in the Candidate-gene Association Resource cohorts

	European-American participants							African-American participants							Combined
	ARIC	FHS	CHS	CARDIA	MESA	CFS	All	ARIC	JHS	CHS	CARDIA	MESA	CFS	All
Subjects n	8825	5316	3479	1228	1049	180	20 077	2740	1597	503	1052	799	209	6900	26 977
Age years	54±6	48±13	73±6	36±3	65±10	51±15	55±13	53±6	50±12	73±6	34±4	65±10	48±14	52±13	54±13
Male %	47	46	44	47	50	47	46	37	38	35	40	47	41	39	44
Height cm	169±9	170±9	165±9	172±9	169±10	170±10	169±10	168±9	169±9	164±9	170±10	168±10	169±10	168±9	169±10
BMI kg·m⁻²	27±5	27±5	26±4	26±5	28±5	32±8	27±5	30±6	32±7	28±5	29±7	30±6	34±8	30±7	28±6
Cigarette smoking %
Never	41	52	47	61	40	50	46	49	69	51	62	40	40	55	48
Former	36	35	43	20	51	21	36	23	17	35	11	45	35	23	33
Current	23	13	10	19	9	29	18	28	14	14	27	15	25	22	19
Pack-years^#	26 (12–40)	16 (7–30)	30 (13–50)	10 (4–19)	19 (8–35)	14 (5–32)	23 (10–38)	17 (8–30)	14 (7–26)	21 (10–38)	6 (3–11)	15 (6–28)	11 (5–24)	14 (6–27)	20 (9–36)
FEV₁ % pred	94±16	98±14	89±22	99±11	92±16	96±18	94±17	97±17	95±15	92±24	100±14	94±19	92±19	96±17	95±17
FEV₁/FVC	0.74±0.08	0.76±0.07	0.69±0.10	0.79±0.06	0.73±0.09	0.77±0.07	0.74±0.09	0.76±0.08	0.80±0.09	0.70±0.11	0.81±0.06	0.75±0.10	0.78±0.08	0.77±0.09	0.75±0.09

Data are presented as mean±sd or median (interquartile range), unless otherwise stated. ARIC: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities; FHS: Framingham Heart Study; CHS: Cardiovascular Health Study; CARDIA: Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults; MESA: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; CFS: Cleveland Family Study; JSH: Jackson Heart Study; BMI: body mass index; FEV₁: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity. ^#: in ever-smokers.