| Cytokine | Basal cells | Ciliated cells | ||||
| Control | RSV-infected | Fold change¶ | Control | RSV-infected | Fold change¶ | |
| Th1 | ||||||
| INF-γ pg·mL−1 | 24 (23–31) | 34 (24–53) | 1.4 (0.9–1.9) | 68 (57–105) | 95 (69–143) | 1.4 (1.0–1.7) |
| IL-1β pg·mL−1 | 9 (6–10) | 11 (9–37) | 1.8 (0.8–3.3) | 35 (32–45) | 40 (28–69) | 1.0 (0.8–1.6) |
| IL-2 pg·mL−1 | 5 (5–7) | 9 (5–18) | 1.5 (1.2–2.9) | 26 (17–28) | 22 (20–27) | 1.1 (0.9–2.0) |
| IL-12p70 pg·mL−1 | 5 (2–7) | 7 (5–14) | 1.5 (1.2–2.1) | 11 (9–18) | 19 (16–27)* | 1.6 (1.5–1.8) |
| TNF-α pg·mL−1 | 29 (26–60) | 178 (70–310)* | 3.6 (1.6–5.1) | 114 (92–176) | 130 (103–211) | 1.0 (0.9–1.4) |
| Th2 | ||||||
| IL-4 pg·mL−1 | 2 (2–3) | 3 (3–6) | 1.2 (1.0–1.9) | 8 (6–11) | 9 (6–14) | 1.2 (0.9–1.4) |
| IL-5 pg·mL−1 | 5 (5–9) | 9 (7–19)* | 2.0 (1.0–2.7) | 23 (21–29) | 37 (33–42)* | 1.4 (1.3–1.7) |
| IL-10 pg·mL−1 | 8 (6–10) | 16 (13–30)* | 2.2 (1.4–3.5) | 62 (41–85) | 75 (60–104) | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) |
| IL-13 pg·mL−1· | 10 (8–21) | 27 (15–39)* | 1.9 (1.5–2.0) | 67 (53–75) | 69 (52–99) | 1.0 (0.9–1.5) |
| IL-6 pg·mL−1 | 73 (38–126) | 226 (141–712)* | 3.1 (1.7–5.8) | 424 (294–536) | 828 (650–1341)* | 2.3 (1.4–2.8) |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range). RSV: respiratory syncytial virus; Th: T-helper cell; IFN: interferon; IL: interleukin; TNF: tumour necrosis factor. #: n=8; ¶: fold change from uninfected control at same time point. *: p<0.05 (Wilcoxon signed rank test).