| All# | Outpatients | Inpatients | HIV infected¶ | HIV uninfected¶ | CD4 >200 cells·μL−1§ | CD4 ≤200 cells·μL−1§ | |
| Subjects | 485 | 190 | 295 | 210 | 136 | 104 | 89 |
| Sensitivity | 49 (39–59) 47/96 | 32ƒ (14–50) 8/25 | 55ƒ (43–67) 39/71 | 53 (40–66) 27/51 | 50 (28–72) 8/16 | 58 (39–76) 14/24 | 50 (31–69) 12/24 |
| Specificity | 98 (97–100) 383/389 | 99 (97–100) 164/165 | 98 (95–99) 219/224 | 98 (94–99) 155/159 | 100 (97–100) 120/120 | 99 (93–100) 79/80 | 95 (87–98) 62/65 |
| PPV | 89 (77–95) 47/53 | 89 (57–98) 8/9 | 89 (76–95) 39/44 | 87 (71–95) 27/31 | 100 (68–100) 8/8 | 93 (70–99) 14/15 | 80 (55–93) 12/15 |
| NPV | 89 (85–91) 383/432 | 91 (86–94) 164/181 | 87 (83–91) 219/251 | 87 (81–92) 155/179 | 94 (88–97) 120/128 | 89 (81–94) 79/89 | 84 (74–91) 62/74 |
Data are presented as n or % (95% CI) n/N. Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture positivity was used as the reference standard. PPV: positive predictive value; NPV: negative predictive value. #: only patients with a valid induced sputum smear and culture result are included (fig. 1); ¶: only patients with available HIV results are included (202 patients refused test/HIV status unknown); §: only patients with available CD4 cell count data are included (74 HIV-infected patients missing recent CD4 cell count data); ƒ: p=0.05 between the two patient groups.