| Model | β# | 95% CI | p-value | |
| CML | 1 | -0.324 | -0.493– -0.154 | <0.001 |
| 2 | -0.320 | -0.502– -0.138 | 0.001 | |
| 3 | -0.316 | -0.499– -0.134 | 0.001 | |
| CEL | 1 | 0.254 | 0.080–0.428 | 0.004 |
| 2 | 0.238 | 0.052–0.424 | 0.013 | |
| 3 | 0.234 | 0.048–0.421 | 0.014 | |
| ln(pentosidine) | 1 | 0.056 | -0.118–0.230 | 0.527 |
| 2 | 0.046 | -0.140–0.233 | 0.624 | |
| 3 | 0.057 | -0.127–0.242 | 0.539 |
CML: Nε-(carboxymethyl(lysine; CEL: Nε-(carboxyethyl(lysine. #: increase (in sd) in AFR per sd increase in plasma AGEs. Model 1: adjusted for age and sex; model 2: model 1 + pack-years; model 3: model 2 + glomerular filtration rate. n=143.