| Subjects n | Wheezing per standard deviation change in gestational weight gain | |||||
| Age 1 year | Age 2 years | Age 3 years | Age 4 years | Overall | ||
| Total group | 4535 | 1.13 (1.05–1.21) | 1.07 (0.99–1.17) | 1.05 (0.94–1.18) | 1.06 (0.97–1.16) | 1.09 (1.04–1.14) |
| p-value | <0.001 | 0.10 | 0.37 | 0.21 | <0.001 | |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI | ||||||
| Underweight | 709 | 1.11 (0.89–1.39) | 1.02 (0.77–1.36) | 1.03 (0.76–1.41) | 0.99 (0.72–1.36) | 1.06 (0.90–1.23) |
| p-value | 0.37 | 0.88 | 0.83 | 0.96 | 0.49 | |
| Normal weight | 2672 | 1.07 (0.97–1.19) | 1.07 (0.95–1.21) | 1.06 (0.91–1.25) | 1.13 (0.98–1.31) | 1.08 (1.01–1.15) |
| p-value | 0.19 | 0.27 | 0.44 | 0.09 | 0.02 | |
| Overweight | 823 | 1.26 (1.08–1.47) | 1.14 (0.95–1.37) | 1.11 (0.89–1.39) | 1.11 (0.89–1.38) | 1.18 (1.06–1.31) |
| p-value | <0.01 | 0.15 | 0.35 | 0.34 | <0.01 | |
| Obese | 331 | 1.08 (0.89–1.32) | 1.04 (0.85–1.27) | 1.01 (0.79–1.29) | 0.93 (0.71–1.20) | 1.03 (0.90–1.17) |
| p-value | 0.41 | 0.73 | 0.93 | 0.56 | 0.69 | |
Data are presented as odds ratio (95% confidence interval), unless otherwise stated. Data were based on generalised estimating equation models with gestational weight gain per standard deviation as a continuous variable and reflect the association with wheezing per standard deviation increase of gestational weight gain. Models were adjusted for maternal age, parity, ethnicity, education level, distress during pregnancy, history of asthma or atopy, smoking during pregnancy, pet keeping, gestational hypertensive disorders, diabetes gravidarum, gestational age at enrolment, gestational age at measurement, and child’s sex, gestational age at birth, birthweight, breastfeeding and daycare attendance. Analyses in the total group were adjusted for maternal pre-pregnancy BMI. Overall pinteraction pre-pregnancy BMI×gestational weight gain=0.64. #: n=4535.