First author [ref.] | Year | Papers n | Fuel type | Study location | Sex | Pooled effect estimate (95% CI) | Remarks |
Current study | 28 | Biomass and coal | No limitation | F M M and F | 1.81 (1.54–2.12) 1.16 (0.79–1.69) 1.93 (1.53–2.44) | All studies included were adjusted for smoking or were from non-smokers | |
Hosgood [8] | 2011 | 25 | Coal | No limitation | F M Non-smoking F M and F | 2.50 (1.56–4.00) 2.76 (1.44–5.27) 2.93 (1.40–6.12) 2.15 (1.61–2.89) | Covers all geographic areas; risk estimates of some studies were not adjusted for smoking |
Hosgood [9] | 2010 | 7 | Wood and coal | Asia, Europe and North America | F M M and F | 1.60 (1.41–1.82) 1.42 (1.27–1.59) 1.56 (1.44–1.69) | Large sample size; not systematic review |
Hosgood [49] | 2007 | Results not reported here as the meta-analysis focused on genotypes | |||||
Zhao [7] | 2006 | 27 | Coal | China | F M and F | 1.83 (0.62–5.41) 2.66 (1.39–5.07) | Studies based in China only |
Smith [50] | 2004 | 12 | Coal | China | F M M and F | 1.94 (1.09–3.47) 1.51 (0.97–2.46) 2.55 (1.58–4.10) | Not systematic review |
Yao [5] | 2003 | 5 | Coal | China | M and F | 3.20 (1.79–5.71) | Chinese population only |
Yao [51] | 2002 | NS | Coal | China | F | 1.84 (0.94–3.59) | Chinese population only |
Zhang [6] | 2001 | 4 | Coal | China | Non-smoking F | 1.42 (1.30–1.55) | Studies based in China only |
M: male; F: female; NS: not specified.