Outcome frequency mean per yr | Direct cost per outcome per yr US$ | Indirect costs per outcome per yr US$ | Total annual cost US$ | |||
Riverside | Long Beach | Riverside | Long Beach | |||
Outcome | ||||||
Asthma-specific office visit | 1.5 | 113 | 45 | 40 | 239 | 231 |
Emergency room visits | 0.2 | 844 | 112 | 100 | 172 | 170 |
In-patient hospitalisations | 0.04 | 12776 | 506 | 451 | 531 | 529 |
School days missed | 5.9 | NA | 230 | 205 | 1362 | 1214 |
Medication | ||||||
Inhaled corticosteroid | 2.2 | 125 | NA | NA | 273 | 273 |
Cromolyn | 1.1 | 95 | NA | NA | 102 | 102 |
Albuterol | 6.8 | 55 | NA | NA | 374 | 374 |
Comorbidities | ||||||
Non-urgent office visits | 0.9 | 113 | 45 | 40 | 134 | 130 |
Mean cost of antibiotics | 2.2 | 85 | NA | NA | 189 | 189 |
Urgent care visits | 0.2 | 113 | 112 | 100 | 50 | 47 |
In-patient days | 0.03 | 6646 | 230 | 205 | 206 | 206 |
Bronchitic episodes | ||||||
Office visits | 0.5 | 113 | 45 | 40 | 71 | 69 |
Emergency room visits | 0.02 | 844 | 112 | 100 | 22 | 22 |
In-patient hospitalisations | 0.004 | 16625 | 759 | 677 | 67 | 67 |
School absences | 0.8 | NA | 230 | 205 | 178 | 159 |
Antibiotics | 0.5 | 85 | NA | NA | 38 | 38 |
Annual total cost per asthma case US$ | 4008 | 3819 |
All costs are rounded to the nearest US$ 2010 rate. NA: not available.