| Nasal nitric oxide | Saccharine/variant of saccharine | Bronchial biopsy | Nasal brush/biopsy | Electron microscopy | Any ciliary function (native)# | |||||||||||||
| OR | 95% CI | p-value | OR | 95% CI | p-value | OR | 95% CI | p-value | OR | 95% CI | p-value | OR | 95% CI | p-value | OR | 95% CI | p-value | |
| PCD patients cared for n | ||||||||||||||||||
| 0–2 | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | 0.475 | 1 | 0.083 | 1 | 0.001 | 1 | 0.004 | 1 | <0.001 | ||||||
| 3–5 | 2.2 | 1.0–5.2 | 1.5 | 0.7–3.3 | 1.8 | 0.8–3.9 | 5.0 | 1.7–14.9 | 2.6 | 1.1–6.1 | 4.6 | 2.0–10.4 | ||||||
| ≥6 | 5.7 | 2.6–12.7 | 0.9 | 0.5–2.0 | 2.3 | 1.1–4.9 | 4.5 | 1.7–12.1 | 1.5 | 1.8–9.9 | 4.9 | 2.3–10.4 | ||||||
| European region | ||||||||||||||||||
| Western | 1 | 0.005 | 1 | 0.028 | 1 | 0.020 | 1 | 0.218 | 1 | 0.582 | 1 | 0.030 | ||||||
| British Isles | 0.5 | 0.2–1.4 | 0.5 | 0.2–1.5 | 0.3 | 0.1–0.6 | 0.5 | 0.2–1.4 | 0.6 | 0.2–1.5 | 1.8 | 0.7–4.9 | ||||||
| Southern | 1.0 | 0.4–2.2 | 2.4 | 1.1–5.4 | 0.7 | 0.3–1.7 | 1.0 | 0.3–3.0 | 0.6 | 0.3–1.7 | 0.6 | 0.3–1.4 | ||||||
| Northern | 3.3 | 1.1–10.3 | 1.5 | 0.5–4.2 | 0.9 | 0.3–2.6 | 6.0 | 0.7–52.7 | 1.4 | 0.4–5.3 | 0.7 | 0.2–2.0 | ||||||
| Eastern | 0.3 | 0.1–0.8 | 2.0 | 0.8–5.0 | 0.4 | 0.1–0.9 | 1.0 | 0.3–3.6 | 0.6 | 0.2–1.9 | 0.3 | 0.1–0.8 | ||||||
Results are adjusted for size of centre (number of PCD children) and region. European regions are defined as follows. Western Europe: Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands and Switzerland (n=61); British Isles: Ireland and UK (n=33); southern Europe: Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain (n=47); northern Europe: Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden (n=22); eastern Europe: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Israel, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia and Turkey (n=31) (total n=194). Tests available to a centre were either carried out in-house or by referral of the patient or specimen to another hospital. OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval. #: ciliary visualisation, ciliary beat frequency or ciliary beat frequency and pattern.