Table 2– Studies of tuberculosis infections in relation to biomass exposure

	Country	Fuel type	Sample size	Sample type	Effect size OR (95% CI)
Case–control studies
Gninafon et al. [122]	Benin	Solid fuel	200 cases and 400 controls	Age- and sex-matched, community-based controls	1.7 (1.1–2.8)
Kan et al. [123]	China	Solid fuel	202 cases and 404 controls	Age- and sex-matched, community-based controls	1.08 (0.62–1.87)^#
Lakshmi et al. [124]	India	Biomass	126 cases and 252 controls	Age-matched, community-based controls	3.14 (1.15–8.56)^¶
Kolappan et al. [125]	India	Biomass	255 cases and 1275 controls	Age- and sex-matched, community-based controls	1.7 (1.0–2.9)⁺
Pokhrel et al. [109]	Nepal	Biomass and kerosene	125 cases and 250 controls	Age-matched, hospital-based controls	1.21 (0.48–3.05) biomass and 3.36 (1.01–11.22) kerosene
Shetty et al. [113]	India	Biomass	189 cases and 189 controls	Matched, hospital-based controls	0.90 (0.46–1.76)^#
Crampin et al. [110]	Malawi	Biomass	598 cases and 992 controls	Community-based controls	0.60 (0.3–1.1)^#
Perez-Padilla et al. [126]	Mexico	Biomass (present/past)	288 cases and 545 controls	Hospital-based controls	2.2 (1.1–4.2) present, 1.5 (1.0–2.40) present or past and 1.1 (0.6–2.0) past
Cross-sectional studies
Mishra et al. [127]	India	Biomass	260162 persons screened	All aged ≥20 yrs in the sampling location	2.58 (1.98–3.37)
Gupta et al. [128]	India	Biomass	707	Adults	2.54 (1.07–6.04)