Table 5– Comparisons in the entire sample^# between patients with and without a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome^¶ and with and without excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS)⁺

	Metabolic syndrome		EDS
	Without	With	Without	With
Subjects n	258	271	255	274
Age yrs	48.1±13.3	54.4±11.0*	52.6±13.1	50.1±13.2*
BMI kg·m⁻²	28.1±4.9	33.7±3.9*	30.3±5.2	31.2±6.6
Neck circumference cm	39.9±3.6	43.1±3.9*	41.3±4.0	41.8±4.2
AHI events·h⁻¹	32.2±22.1	54.0±28*	40.3±25.9	46.2±28.9*
ArI events·h⁻¹	42.1±19.3	60.4±23.2*	49.5±21.8	53.3±24.3
Lowest S_a,O₂ %	84.5±7.7	77.1±10.1*	82.0±8.9	79.6±9.7*
ESS score	9.4±5.0	10.0±5.1	5.3±2.4	13.9±3.0
Systolic blood pressure mmHg	124.0±15.3	138.2±16.6*	130.7±18.0	131.5±16.4
Diastolic blood pressure mmHg	75.8±10.8	85.6±12.2*	79.1±11.7	80.8±12.8
Waist circumference cm	100.1±12.5	113.8±12.3*	105.8±13.0	108.4±15.1*
HDL cholesterol mg·dL⁻¹	58±19	49±16*	54±18	53±18
Triglycerides mg·dL⁻¹	115±54	189±98*	151±89	155±87
Fasting blood glucose mg·dL⁻¹	95.0±19.3	115.8±27.3	105.8±13.0	108.4±15.2

Data are presented as mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. BMI: body mass index; AHI: apnoea/hypopnoea index; ArI: arousal index; S_a,O₂: arterial oxygen saturation; ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale; HDL: high-density lipoprotein. ^#: n=529; ^¶: three or more components; ⁺: ESS ≥10. *: significant difference for with versus without (p<0.05).