TY - JOUR T1 - Positron emission tomography in the diagnostic work-up of screening-detected lung nodules JF - European Respiratory Journal JO - Eur Respir J SP - 501 LP - 510 DO - 10.1183/09031936.00066514 VL - 45 IS - 2 AU - Giulia Veronesi AU - Laura L. Travaini AU - Patrick Maisonneuve AU - Cristiano Rampinelli AU - Raffaella Bertolotti AU - Lorenzo Spaggiari AU - Massimo Bellomi AU - Giovanni Paganelli Y1 - 2015/02/01 UR - http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/45/2/501.abstract N2 - Low-dose computed tomography (CT) screening for lung cancer can reduce lung cancer mortality, but overdiagnosis, false positives and invasive procedures for benign nodules are worrying. We evaluated the utility of positron emission tomography (PET)-CT in characterising indeterminate screening-detected lung nodules.383 nodules, examined by PET-CT over the first 6 years of the COSMOS (Continuous Observation of Smoking Subjects) study to diagnose primary lung cancer, were reviewed and compared with pathological findings (surgically-treated patients) or follow-up (negative CT for ⩾2 years, considered negative); 196 nodules were malignant.The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of PET-CT for differentially diagnosing malignant nodules were, respectively, 64%, 89% and 76% overall, and 82%, 92% and 88% for baseline-detected nodules. Performance was lower for nodules found at repeat annual scans, with sensitivity ranging from 22% for nonsolid to 79% for solid nodules (p=0.0001). Sensitivity (87%) and specificity (73%) were high for nodules ⩾15 mm, better (sensitivity 98%) for solid nodules ⩾15 mm.PET-CT was highly sensitive for the differential diagnosis of indeterminate nodules detected at baseline, nodules ⩾15 mm and solid nodules. Sensitivity was low for sub-solid nodules and nodules discovered after baseline for which other methods, e.g. volume doubling time, should be used.PET-CT is good at differentially diagnosing large, solid and baseline-detected lung nodules in the screening setting http://ow.ly/A1amh ER -