TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic tachypnoe of infancy - diagnostic assessment with and without biopsy JF - European Respiratory Journal JO - Eur Respir J VL - 44 IS - Suppl 58 SP - P734 AU - Daniela Rauch AU - Sarah Katharina Braun AU - Mailänder Johanna AU - Martin Wetzke AU - Nicolaus Schwerk AU - Simone Reu AU - Frank Brasch AU - Matthias Griese Y1 - 2014/09/01 UR - http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/44/Suppl_58/P734.abstract N2 - BackgroundChronic tachypnoe of infancy (CTI) is an infrequently diagnosed entity in infants and young children with only limited information on its clinical, biochemical and histological features.Objectives & MethodsThe kids-lung-register data base was searched for cases categorized as CTI from 2000-2013. 74 children (31 with lung biopsies) were retrieved and characterized clinically. Histological diagnosis for NEHI (neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy) was done using bombesin, synaptophysin, chromogranin and CD56 staining. As controls for histologic analysis age-matched biopsies of 9 children with tumour-free, healthy lung tissue were used.Concentrations of surfactant protein (SP)-B and SP-C in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and bombesin in urine were measured. As controls we used for measurements in urine 13 age-matched healthy children, and for BAL analysis 69 infants assessed for chronic bronchitis.ResultsThis prospective cohort study identified 56 cases with CTI, 13 cases with NEHI based on histological analysis and 5 cases with pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis. Clinically, all patients presented with chronic tachypnoe since early infancy and show characteristic ground-glass opacities in high resolution CT with typical distribution.A differential diagnosis using bombesin levels in urine (CTI vs NEHI/CTI vs controls) was not possible. Concentrations of SP-B/-C in BAL compared to age-matched control group allowed exclusion of hydrophobic surfactant protein deficiency as possible causes of the tachypnoe.ConclusionLung biopsy can differentiate and diagnose precisely, however the benefit for the individual patient is limited. Investigation of additional non-invasive markers is warranted. ER -