PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Archana Chacko AU - David O. Carpenter AU - Leonie Callaway AU - Peter D. Sly TI - Early-life risk factors for chronic nonrespiratory diseases AID - 10.1183/09031936.00070214 DP - 2015 Jan 01 TA - European Respiratory Journal PG - 244--259 VI - 45 IP - 1 4099 - http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/45/1/244.short 4100 - http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/45/1/244.full SO - Eur Respir J2015 Jan 01; 45 AB - We have witnessed a change in disease patterns contributing to the global burden of disease, with a shift from early childhood deaths due to the classic infectious communicable diseases to years lived with disability from chronic noncommunicable diseases. In both developing and developed countries, the years lived with disability attributable to chronic disease have increased: cardiovascular diseases by 17.7%; chronic respiratory disease by 8.5%; neurological conditions by 12.2%; diabetes by 30.0%; and mental and behavioural disorders by 5.0% over the past 20 years. Recognition of the contribution made by adverse environmental exposures in early life to noncommunicable diseases in later life is increasing. These early-life exposures appear to contribute to both chronic respiratory and chronic nonrespiratory diseases. In this State of the Art article, we aim to examine early-life environmental exposures that have an epidemiological association with chronic nonrespiratory diseases, such as obesity and type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurocognitive and behavioural problems. We will highlight the potential overlap in environmental risks with respiratory diseases, and point out knowledge gaps and research opportunities. Respiratory diseases are linked to obesity/diabetes/metabolic syndrome, CVD and neurocognitive/behavioural disorders http://ow.ly/CGbea