TY - JOUR T1 - Different modes of allergen – Rhinovirus interaction control chemokine production JF - European Respiratory Journal JO - Eur Respir J VL - 38 IS - Suppl 55 SP - p3500 AU - Nathan Bartlett AU - Nicholas Glanville AU - Ross Walton AU - Sebastian Johnston Y1 - 2011/09/01 UR - http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/38/Suppl_55/p3500.abstract N2 - Interacting immune responses to rhinovirus (RV) and allergen in asthma are thought to increase the risk of asthma exacerbations. To investigate this we used a mouse model of RV-induced asthma exacerbation and assessed expression of eosinophil, Th1 and Th2 recruiting chemokine protein in BAL fluid. Experimental groups: allergen (OVA)-challenged, RV-infected (RV-OVA); OVA challenged, mock infected with UV-inactivated RV (UV-OVA), RV-infected mock allergen challenged with PBS (RV-PBS) and double negative control (UV-PBS).Results: CCL11 and CCL24 (eotaxin 1 and 2) in RV-OVA were significantly increased (P<0.001) vs UV-OVA. RV infection alone did not induce either eotaxin but synergistically augmented eotaxin production in allergic mice. For Th1 chemokines CXCL11 (I-TAC) and CCL5 (RANTES) the opposite was true. RV infection drove expression and this was synergistically increased by allergen (RV-OVA compared to RV-PBS for CXCL11 P<0.001 and CCL5 P<0.01). Next we examined Th2 cell recruiting chemokines CCL17 (TARC) and CCL22 (MDC). Both OVA- and RV-alone stimulated increased expression (UV-OVA and RV-PBS P<0.001 compared to UV-PBS for CCL17 and CCL22). Thus the increased levels observed in RV-OVA (P<0.05 and P<0.001 for UV-OVA and RV-PBS respectively) were consistent with an additive interaction between OVA and RV. Associated with increased chemokine production we observed greater lung recruitment of activated (CD69+) CD4+ T cells (P<0.01 compared to UV-OVA) and expression of IL-5 and IL-13. Thus for the chemokines investigated we observed 3 different modes of allergen-virus interaction 1) allergen-induced, augmented by virus, 2) virus-induced, augmented by allergen, 3) allergen and virus additive. ER -