TY - JOUR T1 - Vicarious breathlessness: an inferential perceptual learned transposition process that may not be inconsequential to either patient or caregiver JF - European Respiratory Journal JO - Eur Respir J DO - 10.1183/13993003.00306-2018 VL - 51 IS - 4 SP - 1800306 AU - Miriam J. Johnson AU - David Gozal Y1 - 2018/04/01 UR - http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/51/4/1800306.abstract N2 - People with common chronic cardiorespiratory conditions can live with chronic breathlessness for years [1]. Disabling chronic breathlessness, persisting despite optimum treatment of the underlying cause [2], is experienced by almost all patients with advanced lung disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [3], and carries a significant emotional, social, health and economic load. Intimately related to physical activity, chronic breathlessness reduces the ability to carry out activities of daily living [4] and restricts the role in the family, workplace or wider society [5]. These consequences, with additional frightening severe episodes of breathless crises, lead not only to acute emotional responses that not only widely activate a multitude of brain regions [6], but also promote the insidious development of depression, anxiety and panic, and a reduction in physical and mental quality of life proportionate with the severity of breathlessness [7].Education and training for caregivers of breathless patients is crucially important http://ow.ly/U52C30iTCpW ER -