RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Correlates of tuberculosis risk: predictive biomarkers for progression to active tuberculosis JF European Respiratory Journal JO Eur Respir J FD European Respiratory Society SP 1751 OP 1763 DO 10.1183/13993003.01012-2016 VO 48 IS 6 A1 Elisa Petruccioli A1 Thomas J. Scriba A1 Linda Petrone A1 Mark Hatherill A1 Daniela M. Cirillo A1 Simone A. Joosten A1 Tom H. Ottenhoff A1 Claudia M. Denkinger A1 Delia Goletti YR 2016 UL http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/48/6/1751.abstract AB New approaches to control the spread of tuberculosis (TB) are needed, including tools to predict development of active TB from latent TB infection (LTBI). Recent studies have described potential correlates of risk, in order to inform the development of prognostic tests for TB disease progression. These efforts have included unbiased approaches employing “omics” technologies, as well as more directed, hypothesis-driven approaches assessing a small set or even individual selected markers as candidate correlates of TB risk. Unbiased high-throughput screening of blood RNAseq profiles identified signatures of active TB risk in individuals with LTBI, ≥1 year before diagnosis. A recent infant vaccination study identified enhanced expression of T-cell activation markers as a correlate of risk prior to developing TB; conversely, high levels of Ag85A antibodies and high frequencies of interferon (IFN)-γ specific T-cells were associated with reduced risk of disease. Others have described CD27−IFN-γ+CD4+ T-cells as possibly predictive markers of TB disease. T-cell responses to TB latency antigens, including heparin-binding haemagglutinin and DosR-regulon-encoded antigens have also been correlated with protection.Further studies are needed to determine whether correlates of risk can be used to prevent active TB through targeted prophylactic treatment, or to allow targeted enrolment into efficacy trials of new TB vaccines and therapeutic drugs.Promising biomarkers may allow accurate prediction of progression from infection to active TB disease http://ow.ly/OzCL304ezfk