RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Risk factors for lung cancer worldwide
JF European Respiratory Journal
JO Eur Respir J
FD European Respiratory Society
SP 889
OP 902
DO 10.1183/13993003.00359-2016
VO 48
IS 3
A1 Jyoti Malhotra
A1 Matteo Malvezzi
A1 Eva Negri
A1 Carlo La Vecchia
A1 Paolo Boffetta
YR 2016
UL http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/48/3/889.abstract
AB Lung cancer is the most frequent malignant neoplasm in most countries, and the main cancer-related cause of mortality worldwide in both sexes combined.The geographic and temporal patterns of lung cancer incidence, as well as lung cancer mortality, on a population level are chiefly determined by tobacco consumption, the main aetiological factor in lung carcinogenesis.Other factors such as genetic susceptibility, poor diet, occupational exposures and air pollution may act independently or in concert with tobacco smoking in shaping the descriptive epidemiology of lung cancer. Moreover, novel approaches in the classification of lung cancer based on molecular techniques have started to bring new insights to its aetiology, in particular among nonsmokers. Despite the success in delineation of tobacco smoking as the major risk factor for lung cancer, this highly preventable disease remains among the most common and most lethal cancers globally.Future preventive efforts and research need to focus on non-cigarette tobacco smoking products, as well as better understanding of risk factors underlying lung carcinogenesis in never-smokers.Tobacco smoking is the major determinant of lung cancer risk; genetics, occupation, pollution, poor diet also contribute http://ow.ly/4mRbUQ