Patient characteristics | | | | | |
Age years | 69 (59–78) | 69 (60–78) | 0.79 | | |
Males | 92 (69) | 178 (61) | 0.10 | | |
BMI kg·m−2 | 26 (23–30) | 26 (22–33) | 0.70 | | |
Chronic respiratory disease | 64 (48) | 203 (69) | <0.0001 | | |
Chronic cardiac disease | 25 (19) | 62 (21) | 0.61 | | |
Immunosuppression | 45 (34) | 67 (23) | 0.024 | | |
Home oxygen therapy | 19 (14) | 69 (24) | 0.029 | | |
NIV episode | | | | | |
Cause of ARF | | | | | |
Acute-on-chronic | 50 (38) | 201 (69) | <0.0001 | 0.40 (0.23–0.70) | <0.01 |
Acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema | 22 (16) | 36 (12) | | 0.52 (0.25–1.07) | |
De novo ARF | 61 (46) | 55 (19) | | 1 | |
SAPS II | 43 (35–56) | 32 (26–40) | <0.0001 | | |
SOFA | 6 (3–9) | 3 (2–4) | <0.0001 | 1.35 (1.24–1.48) | <0.0001 |
On ICU admission, prior to NIV | | | | | |
Moderate-to-severe dyspnoea | 78 (59) | 156 (53) | 0.34 | | |
Respiratory rate cycles·min−1 | 32 (28–38) | 31 (27–36) | 0.11 | | |
Blood gases prior to NIV | | | | | |
PaO2/FIO2 mmHg | 184 (120–258) | 228 (181–290) | <0.0001 | | |
PaCO2 ≥80 mmHg | 9 (7) | 52 (18) | 0.003 | | |
pH | 7.35 (7.27–7.44) | 7.33 (7.27–7.39) | 0.12 | | |
After the first NIV session | | | | | |
Moderate-to-severe dyspnoea | 75 (56) | 91 (31) | <0.0001 | 2.41 (1.49–3.91) | <0.0001 |
Absolute variation of dyspnoea | 0 (−1 to 1) | −1 (−2 to 0) | 0.002 | | |
Respiratory rate cycles·min−1 | 30 (25–35) | 26 (22–31) | <0.0001 | | |
Leaks | 88 (68) | 188 (66) | 0.82 | | |
Blood gases | | | | | |
PaO2/FIO2 mmHg | 190 (145–220) | 229 (183–287) | 0.001 | | |
PaCO2 mmHg | 45 (35–60) | 57 (46–69) | <0.0001 | | |
pH | 7.35 (7.26–7.43) | 7.36 (7.30–7.40) | 0.79 | | |