Vasoconstrictors | Serotonin (5-HT) |
| Endothelin-1 (ET-1), ET-2, ET-3 |
| Angiotensin (Ang-II) |
| Thromboxane A2 |
| Oxidative stress |
Vasodilators | Nitric oxide (NO) |
| Prostacyclin (PGI2) |
| Apelin |
| Adrenomedullin |
Cell accumulation | Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) |
| Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) |
| Tumour growth factor (TGF) |
| Epidermal growth factor (EGF) |
| Nerve growth factor (NGF) |
Inflammation | Interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-8 |
| Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) |
| Interferon |
| Leptin (Ob) |
| Leukotrienes |
Other proteins | Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) |
| Soluble E-selectin |
| Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) |
| Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) |
| Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, MMP-10 |
| Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) |
| Platelet-activating factor |
| Thrombomodulin |