Initiating with a LABA | | | | | | |
LABA monotherapy | 16 814 | 337 | 10 781 | 31.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 (reference) |
Adding tiotropium | 16 814 | 380 | 11 002 | 34.5 | 1.10 | 1.11 (0.95–1.28) |
Initiating on tiotropium | | | | | | |
Tiotropium monotherapy | 14 360 | 187 | 7089 | 26.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 (reference) |
Adding a LABA | 14 360 | 318 | 9610 | 33.1 | 1.30 | 1.28 (1.07–1.54) |
No recorded COPD diagnosis | | | | | | |
Monotherapy | 4105 | 90 | 2564 | 35.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 (reference) |
Combination | 2628 | 73 | 1528 | 47.8 | 1.34 | 1.18 (0.86–1.62) |
Recorded COPD diagnosis | | | | | | |
Monotherapy | 27 069 | 434 | 15 306 | 28.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 (reference) |
Combination | 28 546 | 625 | 19 084 | 32.8 | 1.18 | 1.18 (1.04–1.33) |
No recent COPD exacerbation | | | | | | |
Monotherapy | 28 126 | 466 | 16 286 | 28.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 (reference) |
Combination | 28 094 | 627 | 18 623 | 33.7 | 1.19 | 1.18 (1.05–1.33) |
Recent COPD exacerbation | | | | | | |
Monotherapy | 3048 | 58 | 1584 | 36.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 (reference) |
Combination | 3080 | 71 | 1988 | 35.7 | 1.04 | 1.02 (0.72–1.45) |
No baseline ICS use | | | | | | |
Monotherapy | 4291 | 89 | 2784 | 32.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 (reference) |
Combination | 4291 | 97 | 2685 | 36.1 | 1.11 | 1.13 (0.84–1.50) |
Baseline ICS use | | | | | | |
Monotherapy | 26 883 | 435 | 15 086 | 28.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 (reference) |
Combination | 26 883 | 601 | 17 926 | 33.5 | 1.19 | 1.17 (1.03–1.32) |
Current use defined within a 30-day period | | | | | | |
Monotherapy | 31 174 | 406 | 13 640 | 29.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 (reference) |
Combination | 31 174 | 481 | 14 504 | 33.2 | 1.12 | 1.11 (0.97–1.27) |
Current use defined within a 90-day period | | | | | | |
Monotherapy | 31 174 | 564 | 19 212 | 29.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 (reference) |
Combination | 31 174 | 793 | 23 036 | 34.4 | 1.19 | 1.18 (1.05–1.31) |
Using probable heart failure outcome definition | | | | | | |
Monotherapy | 31 174 | 404 | 17 870 | 22.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 (reference) |
Combination | 31 174 | 551 | 20 612 | 26.7 | 1.21 | 1.21 (1.06–1.38) |
Tighter match (PS≤0.05 of each other) | | | | | | |
Monotherapy | 28 233 | 484 | 16 740 | 28.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 (reference) |
Combination | 28 233 | 632 | 18 621 | 33.9 | 1.19 | 1.18 (1.05–1.33) |
Combination defined within ±3 days | | | | | | |
Monotherapy | 31 174 | 524 | 17 865 | 29.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 (reference) |
Combination | 31 174 | 700 | 20 618 | 34.0 | 1.18 | 1.16 (1.04–1.30) |
Eliminating outcome events in first 30 days of follow-up | | | | | | |
Monotherapy | 29 392 | 399 | 15 466 | 25.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 (reference) |
Combination | 30 589 | 567 | 18 073 | 31.4 | 1.23 | 1.22 (1.07–1.39) |
Eliminating outcome events in first 90 days of follow-up | | | | | | |
Monotherapy | 25 879 | 255 | 11 786 | 21.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 (reference) |
Combination | 29 325 | 380 | 13 826 | 27.5 | 1.28 | 1.28 (1.09–1.51) |
No heart failure diagnosis before cohort entry | | | | | | |
Monotherapy | 29 763 | 340 | 17 198 | 19.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 (reference) |
Combination | 29 737 | 474 | 19 821 | 23.9 | 1.23 | 1.21 (1.05–1.39) |