Unadjusted HR (crude) | 1.84 (1.30–2.61) |
Covariates included in the Cox model to calculate adjusted HRs | |
Age | 1.89 (1.34–2.68) |
+ sex | 1.88 (1.33–2.67) |
+ smoking | 1.88 (1.33–2.67) |
+ use of corticosteroids in 1 year prior to episode start | 1.79 (1.26–2.56) |
+ number of GP visits in 1 year prior to episode start | 1.64 (1.15–2.34) |
+ hospitalisation for COPD in 1 year prior to episode start | 1.58 (1.11–2.26) |
+ use of antibiotics for treatment of LRTI in 1 year prior to episode start | 1.58 (1.10–2.26) |
+ consultation with respiratory physician in 1 year prior to episode start | 1.48 (1.04–2.12) |
+ number of previous episodes of tiotropium Respimat and/or HandiHaler use | 1.49 (1.04–2.12) |
+ calendar time (year of start date treatment episode) | 1.58 (1.10–2.29) |
+ duration of COPD | 1.54 (1.07–2.23) |
+ cardiovascular comorbidity | 1.56 (1.08–2.25) |
Respiratory mortality n | 95 |
Unadjusted HR (crude) | 1.55 (0.97–2.49) |
Covariates included in the Cox model to calculate adjusted HRs | |
Age | 1.61 (1.00–2.60) |
+ sex | 1.59 (0.99–2.56) |
+ smoking | 1.59 (0.99–2.56) |
+ use of corticosteroids in 1 year prior to episode start | 1.43 (0.87–2.33) |
+ number of GP visits in 1 year prior to episode start | 1.31 (0.80–2.13) |
+ hospitalisation for COPD in 1 year prior to episode start | 1.27 (0.78–2.07) |
+ use of antibiotics for treatment of LRTI in 1 year prior to episode start | 1.28 (0.78–2.09) |
+ consultation with respiratory physician in 1 year prior to episode start | 1.24 (0.76–2.03) |
+ number of previous episodes of tiotropium Respimat and/or HandiHaler use | 1.24 (0.76–2.03) |
+ calendar time (year of start date treatment episode) | 1.33 (0.80–2.21) |
+ duration of COPD | 1.34 (0.80–2.22) |
Mortality due to cancer n | 139 |
Unadjusted HR (crude) | 1.47 (0.99–2.17) |
Covariates included in the Cox model to calculate adjusted HRs | |
Age | 1.51 (1.02–2.23) |
+ sex | 1.50 (1.01–2.21) |
+ smoking | 1.49 (1.01–2.21) |
+ use of corticosteroids in 1 year prior to episode start | 1.39 (0.94–2.07) |
+ number of GP visits in 1 year prior to episode start | 1.26 (0.84–1.87) |
+ hospitalisation for COPD in 1 year prior to episode start | 1.27 (0.86–1.90) |
+ use of antibiotics for treatment of LRTI in 1 year prior to episode start | 1.27 (0.85–1.89) |
+ consultation with respiratory physician in 1 year prior to episode start | 1.13 (0.76–1.68) |
+ number of previous episodes of tiotropium Respimat and/or HandiHaler use | 1.16 (0.78–1.73) |
+ calendar time (year of start date treatment episode) | 1.12 (0.74–1.69) |
+ duration of COPD | 1.06 (0.70–1.59) |
Death related to other causes or cause of death unknown n | 104 |
Unadjusted HR (crude) | 1.33 (0.82–2.13) |
Covariates included in the Cox model to calculate adjusted HRs | |
Age | 1.38 (0.86–2.22) |
+ sex | 1.37 (0.85–2.20) |
+ smoking | 1.37 (0.85–2.20) |
+ use of corticosteroids in 1 year prior to episode start | 1.32 (0.82–2.14) |
+ number of GP visits in 1 year prior to episode start | 1.23 (0.76–2.00) |
+ hospitalisation for COPD in 1 year prior to episode start | 1.22 (0.76–1.98) |
+ use of antibiotics for treatment of LRTI in 1 year prior to episode start | 1.22 (0.76–1.98) |
+ consultation with respiratory physician in 1 year prior to episode start | 1.24 (0.76–1.98) |
+ number of previous episodes of tiotropium Respimat and/or HandiHaler use | 1.25 (0.77–2.03) |
+ calendar time (year of start date treatment episode) | 1.29 (0.78–2.11) |
+ duration of COPD | 1.26 (0.76–2.07) |