Malignancy | 47 (34.8) |
Lung carcinoma | 23 (17) |
Unknown primary site | 4 |
Breast carcinoma | 3 |
Uterine corporeal carcinoma | 2 |
Malignant mesothelioma | 2 |
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 2 |
Thyroid carcinoma | 1 |
Pancreatic carcinoma | 1 |
Prostate carcinoma | 1 |
Urethelial carcinoma | 1 |
Multiple myeloma | 1 |
Chronic myeloid leukaemia | 1 |
Malignant melanoma | 1 |
Malignant fibrohistiocytoma | 1 |
Ampulla of Vater carcinoma | 1 |
Cholangiocarcinoma | 1 |
Combined hepatocellular/cholangiocellular carcinoma | 1 |
Infections | 26 (19.3) |
Parapneumonic effusion | 23 (17.0) |
Tuberculosis | 3 |
Unknown | 19 (14.1) |
Post traumatic | 12 (8.9) |
Medical or surgical procedures | 6 (4.4) |
Post by-pass surgery | 2 |
Central vein cannulation | 1 |
Thoracotomy | 1 |
Splenectomy | 1 |
Oesophageal sclerotherapy | 1 |
Transudative pleural effusions | 7 (5.2) |
Congestive heart failure | 4 |
Nephrotic syndrome | 2 |
Hepatic hydrothorax | 1 |
Spontaneous pneumothorax | 5 (3.7) |
Pancreatic disease | 3 (2.2) |
Acute pancreatitis | 2 |
Pancreatic pseudocyst | 1 |
Pulmonary embolism | 3 (2.2) |
Autoimmune diseases | 2 (1.5) |
Rheumatoid arthritis | 1 |
Ulcerative colitis | 1 |
Subphrenic abscess | 1 (0.7) |
Spontaneous haemothorax (warfarine overdose) | 1 (0.7) |
Dressler syndrome | 1 (0.7) |
Gorham syndrome | 1 (0.7) |
Recurrent effusion in patient after mediastinal irradiation due to Hodgkin’s lymphoma | 1 (0.7) |