Brand | Material | Shapes | Specific problems/complications |
Dumon | Silicone | Straight, Y, J | Migration in benign disease (straight) |
Orlowski | Silicone, armoured with metal rings | Straight | Very stiff |
Hood | Silicone | Straight, Y | Difficult to insert (Y) |
Gianturco | Stainless steel, self-expandable | Straight | Stent fracture, airway perforation, fatal haemoptysis, occlusion by tissue in growth |
Strecker | Tantalum, balloon-expandable | Straight | Stent collapse, occlusion by tissue growth |
Palmaz | Stainless steel, balloon-expandable | Straight | Stent collapse, occlusion by tissue growth |
Wallstent | Cobalt-based alloy, uncovered, self-expandable | Straight | Granuloma, and occlusion by tissue growth |
Covered Wallstent | Cobalt-based alloy, polyurethane covering, self-expandable | Straight | Granuloma at stent ends, airway perforation |
Ultraflex | Nitinol, self-expandable covered and uncovered | Straight | Granuloma formation, stent fracture |
Polyflex | Polyester wire, silicone covering, self-expandable | Straight, Y, J | Migration (straight), difficult to insert (Y) |
Screw-thread | Tygon | Straight | Only tracheal sizes, mucus retention |
Dynamic | Silicone, metal hoops | Y | Difficult to insert |
Montgomery | Silicone | T-tube | Difficult to insert, tracheostomy necessary |