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Published online before print March 1, 2006
Eur Respir J 2006, doi:10.1183/09031936.06.00092204
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Biomonitoring for assessment of organic dust-induced lung inflammation

L.J. Mueller-Anneling 1, M.E. O'Neill 1, P.S. Thorne 1*

1 University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: peter-thorne{at}uiowa.edu.


  Abstract

Inhalation exposure to particulate matter containing endotoxin (LPS) occurs in a variety of occupations. Nasal lavage and induced sputum have been used to evaluate lung inflammation resulting from such exposures. The whole blood assay (WBA) measures cytokine production of leukocytes after ex vivo stimulation with LPS. We examined the effectiveness of the WBA for evaluating inflammatory responses and susceptibility.

C3HeB/FEJ mice were tolerized by LPS injection or sham tolerized with saline. Animals then inhaled either swine barn dust extract containing endotoxin or saline. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was assayed for leukocyte counts and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF{alpha}). Whole blood was stimulated with 10 or 100 ng·mL-1 of LPS, incubated for 5 or 18 hr and assayed for cytokines.

Barn dust-exposed groups revealed significantly higher total cells, neutrophils and cytokines (p<0.01) in BAL as compared to saline-exposed groups. Animals tolerized to LPS and exposed to barn dust demonstrated lower cellular and cytokine BAL responses. Similarly, the WBA yielded significantly elevated cytokines with barn dust exposure and reduced responses with tolerization.

This study demonstrates the efficacy of the WBA as a biomarker of inhalation exposure to inflammatory agents and its utility for assessing susceptibility to organic dust-induced lung inflammation.

Keywords:  Biomonitoring, endotoxin, exposure assessment, organic dust, whole blood assay




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