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From the authors

Dept of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.

We have read with interest the comments by C.T. Bolliger on the terminology regarding ultrasound-guided biopsies of mediastinal lymph nodes. Obviously, and here we fully agree, there should be a consensus on the nomenclature of a new diagnostic method. The development of echo-endoscopes, which make accurate imaging and real-time controlled biopsies of lesions along the gastro-intestinal tract possible, is regarded as one of the greatest improvements in endoscopy of the last 20 yrs 1. The name given to this technique was endoscopic ultrasonography or endoscopic ultrasound and was abbreviated as EUS. Depending on the organ under investigation (oesophagus, stomach or rectum), authors have added specific information. The "E" from EUS thus stands for "endosonography" or "endoscopic" and not for "oesophagus", as suggested by C.T. Bolliger. According to his suggestion, how should the well-established term "rectal EUS" be translated? Reviewing the literature specifically on ultrasound (US)-guided biopsies of mediastinal lymph nodes from the oesophagus (using Pubmed), various authors, so far, have used the following terms: endoscopic ultrasound; endoscopic ultrasonography; endosonography; oesophageal endoscopic ultrasound; endoscopic (oesophageal) ultrasound; endoscopic transoesophageal ultrasound; and transoesophageal endosonography. This only highlights the remark of C.T. Bolliger that agreement on one term is needed. The vast majority of authors translated EUS as "endoscopic ultrasound" or "endosonography" and added in the text, as we did in the March issue of the European Respiratory Journal 2, that biopsies were taken from the oesophagus 3. In our opinion, and again on this point we fully agree with C.T. Bolliger, the term "transoesophageal (endoscopic) ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA)" qualifies best for the method by which US-guided biopsies of mediastinal lymph nodes or intrapulmonary tumours are taken from the oesophagus.

The second remark by C.T. Bolliger is related to the role of EUS-FNA in diagnosing sarcoidosis. The aim of our study was to assess the yield of EUS-FNA in diagnosing sarcoidosis 2. Due to the high yield of 82%, we concluded that EUS-FNA, and not mediastinoscopy, should qualify as the next diagnostic procedure after a prior nondiagnostic bronchoscopy. We never wrote nor suggested that this was a comparison study with bronchoscopy and, therefore, the comments on this matter do not seem really relevant to the study. The reason why not all of the patients in our study underwent bronchoscopy prior to EUS-FNA was that several patients and referring physicians preferred an evaluation by EUS-FNA (no complications described in mediastinal lymph node analysis in >1,000 patients) above a bronchoscopy, including transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) and transbronchial lung biopsies, due to the risk of a pneumothorax and haemoptysis. In the discussion of our article, we wrote that, in normal practice, the optimal yield of bronchoscopy in diagnosing sarcoidosis is often not achieved due to an inadequate number of transbronchial lung biopsies and under-use of TBNA and, therefore, suggested that endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided TBNA might increase the yield of bronchoscopy in the future. We agree with C.T. Bolliger that, for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, studies using both EUS-FNA and EBUS-TBNA are needed, and we suggest that, besides diagnostic yield, complications and patient satisfaction should be taken into account.

With the increasing availability of the novel diagnostic methods, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration, we expect that the number of patients with suspected sarcoidosis who are referred for mediastinoscopy will decline dramatically. We explicitly welcome any attempts by researchers to comment on novel applications in pulmonary medicine in order to find a consensus on the right nomenclature and, in that sense, we are grateful for the reaction by C.T. Bolliger.

REFERENCES

1. Van Dam J, Brugge WR. Endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1738–1748.[Free Full Text]
2. Annema JT, Veselic M, Rabe KF. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J 2005;25:405–409.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
3. Wallace MB, Fritscher-Ravens A, Savides TJ. Endoscopic ultrasound for the staging of non-small-cell lung cancer. Endoscopy 2003;35:606–610.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]

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