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All-trans-retinoic acid inhibits tumour growth of malignant pleural mesothelioma in mice

¹ Division of Respiratory Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, and ² Dept of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Tsukaguchi Hospital, Amagasaki, Japan.

CORRESPONDENCE: C. Tabata, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501 Japan. E-mail: ctabata{at}hyo-med.ac.jp

Keywords: Cytokines, mesothelioma

Received: December 24, 2008
Accepted April 8, 2009

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive malignant tumour of mesothelial origin associated with asbestos exposure. Because MPM has limited response to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the prognosis is very poor. Several researchers have reported that cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 play an important role in the growth of MPM. Previously, it was reported that all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) inhibited the production and function of IL-6 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in experiments using lung fibroblasts.

We investigated whether ATRA had an inhibitory effect on the cell growth of MPM, the origin of which was mesenchymal cells similar to lung fibroblasts, using a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model. We estimated the tumour growth and performed quantitative measurements of IL-6, TGF-β1 and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor (PDGFR)-β mRNA levels both of cultured MPM cells and cells grown in mice with or without the administration of ATRA.

ATRA significantly inhibited MPM tumour growth. In vitro studies disclosed that the administration of ATRA reduced 1) mRNA levels of TGF-β1, TGF-β1 receptors and PDGFR-β, and 2) TGF-β1-dependent proliferation and PDGF-BB-dependent migration of MPM cells.

These data may provide a rationale to explore the clinical use of ATRA for the treatment of MPM.