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Iloprost for pulmonary vasodilator testing in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension

¹ Dept of Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, Depts of ² Anaesthesiology and ⁵ Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, ³ Dept of Internal Medicine, Aviation Industry Central Hospital, ⁴ Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Peking University, ⁶ Dept of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Hospital of Chinese Armed Police Forces Beijing City Corps, Beijing, China ⁷ All three authors contributed equally to this article.

CORRESPONDENCE: Z-C. Jing, Dept of Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, 507, Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China. Fax: 86 2155662767. E-mail: jingzhicheng{at}gmail.com

Keywords: Adenosine, calcium channel blockers, iloprost, inhaled therapy, pulmonary arterial hypertension, vasoreactivity testing

Received: November 9, 2008
Accepted January 25, 2009

The aim of this study was to confirm the utility of aerosolised iloprost for identifying long-term responders to calcium channel blockers (CCBs) in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH).

While undergoing right heart catheterisation, 74 patients with IPAH sequentially received incremental infusions of adenosine and aerosolised iloprost. The effects of the two vasodilators on haemodynamic parameters were recorded. All acute responders identified by aerosolised iloprost were subsequently treated with high doses of a CCB and were re-evaluated after 12 months.

Both adenosine and iloprost produced significant decreases in mean pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, and significant increases in cardiac index. Adverse effects were experienced by 35 out of the 74 patients with adenosine, but by only two with iloprost. Aerosolised iloprost identified more acute responders than infused adenosine (10 versus eight, respectively) according to the criteria recommended in recent consensus guidelines. Nine responders identified by iloprost were followed-up after 12 months of high-dose CCB therapy. Five had normal or near-normal haemodynamics and a World Health Organization functional classification of I or II after 12 months.

Aerosolised iloprost is an appropriate new agent to identify long-term responders to CCBs in patients with IPAH. It is as effective in this regard as infused adenosine but is better tolerated.