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1 University of British Columbia, School of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 2 Utrecht University, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences and Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, 3 Centre for Prevention and Health Services Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, 4 Dept of Paediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre - Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, and 5 Depts of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, 6 Pulmonology, and 7 Epidemiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
CORRESPONDENCE: M. Brauer, University of British Columbia, School of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver BC V6T1Z3, Canada. Fax: 1 6048229588. E-mail: brauer{at}interchange.ubc.ca
Keywords: Air pollution, allergy, asthma, respiratory infections, vehicle emissions
Received: June 26, 2006
Accepted December 25, 2006
Few studies have addressed associations between traffic-related air pollution and respiratory disease in young children. The present authors assessed the development of asthmatic/allergic symptoms and respiratory infections during the first 4 yrs of life in a birth cohort study (n =
Outdoor concentrations of traffic-related air pollutants (nitrogen dioxide PM2.5, particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 µm and soot) were assigned to birthplace home addresses with a land-use regression model. They were linked by logistic regression to questionnaire data on doctor-diagnosed asthma, bronchitis, influenza and eczema and to self-reported wheeze, dry night-time cough, ear/nose/throat infections and skin rash. Total and specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E to common allergens were measured in a subgroup (n = 713).
Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) per interquartile pollution range were elevated for wheeze (1.2 (1.0–1.4) for soot), doctor-diagnosed asthma (1.3 (1.0–1.7)), ear/nose/throat infections (1.2 (1.0–1.3)) and flu/serious colds (1.2 (1.0–1.4)). No consistent associations were observed for other end-points. Positive associations between air pollution and specific sensitisation to common food allergens (1.6 (1.2–2.2) for soot), but not total IgE, were found in the subgroup with IgE measurements.
Traffic-related pollution was associated with respiratory infections and some measures of asthma and allergy during the first 4 yrs of life.
4,000).
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