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Naphthoquinone enhances antigen-related airway inflammation in mice

¹ Environmental Health Sciences Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, ² Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, ⁴ Dept of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, and ³ Dept of Health Science, Oita University of Nursing and Health Science, Oita, Japan.

CORRESPONDENCE: H. Takano, Environmental Health Sciences Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan. Fax: 81 298502334. E-mail: htakano{at}nies.go.jp

Keywords: Airway inflammation, antigen, immunoglobulin, naphthoquinone

Received: March 8, 2006
Accepted October 17, 2006

The current authors have previously demonstrated that diesel exhaust particles (DEP) enhance antigen-related airway inflammation in mice. Furthermore, a recent study has shown that organic chemicals in DEP, rather than their carbonaceous nuclei, are important contributors to the aggravating effects of airway inflammation. However, the components in DEP responsible for the enhancing effects on the model remain to be identified.

The current authors investigated the effects of naphthoquinone (NQ), one of the extractable chemical compounds of DEP, on antigen-related airway inflammation, local expression of cytokine proteins, and antigen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) production in mice. Pulmonary exposure to NQ dose-dependently aggravated antigen-related airway inflammation, as characterised by infiltration of eosinophils and lymphocytes around the airways and an increase in goblet cells in the bronchial epithelium. Combined exposure to NQ and antigen enhanced the local expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, eotaxin, macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 and keratinocyte chemoattractant, compared with exposure to antigen or NQ alone. Also, NQ exhibited adjuvant activity for the antigen-specific production of IgG₁ and IgG_2a.

These results provide the first experimental evidence that naphthoquinone can enhance antigen-related airway inflammation in vivo, and that naphthoquinone can, to some extent, partly play a role in the pathogenesis of diesel exhaust particle toxicity on the condition.

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