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GSTM1 and GSTP1 and respiratory health in asthmatic children exposed to ozone

¹ Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca, and ² Hospital Infantil "Federico Gómez", Mexico City, Mexico. ³ Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Dept of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.

CORRESPONDENCE: I. Romieu, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, 655 Avenida Universidad, Col. Santa Maria Ahuacatitlán, 62508 Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. Fax: 52 7773111148. E-mail: iromieu{at}correo.insp.mx

Keywords: Asthmatic children, glutathione S-transferase M1, glutathione S-transferase P1, lung function, ozone, symptoms

Received: October 31, 2005
Accepted July 5, 2006

Acute exposure to ozone has been related to a wide spectrum of health effects in susceptible individuals. Genetic factors may influence interindividual variation in ozone response. The current authors investigated the relationships between common polymorphisms in two genes involved in response to oxidative stress, i.e. glutathione S-transferases M1 (GSTM1) and P1 (GSTP1), and both respiratory symptoms and lung function in response to ozone among childhood asthmatics.

A total of 151 asthmatic children, who were participants in a randomised controlled trial of antioxidant vitamin supplementation in Mexico City, were studied. Children were genotyped using PCR methods and followed from October 1998–April 2000.

Increases in reported breathing difficulty were associated with ozone exposure in children with GSTM1 null (8%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1–15%, per 20-ppb increase in 1-h maximum daily average over 7 days) or GSTP1 Valine/Valine (Val/Val) genotypes (14%, 95% CI 5–25%). In children with both GSTM1 null and GSTP1 Val/Val genotypes, the increase in breathing difficulty associated with a 20-ppb increase in ozone exposure was even greater (21%, 95% CI 5–39%). GSTP1 genotypes were not significantly associated with ozone-related lung function changes.

In conclusion, asthmatic children with glutathione S-transferase M1 null and glutathione S-transferase P1 Valine/Valine genotypes appear more susceptible to developing respiratory symptoms related to ozone exposure.

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