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Published online before print July 26, 2006, 10.1183/09031936.06.00012405
Eur Respir J 2006; 28:712-720
Copyright ©ERS Journals Ltd 2006
doi: 10.1183/09031936.06.00012405

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Airway dimensions measured from micro-computed tomography and high-resolution computed tomography

J. R. Dame Carroll1,2,3, A. Chandra1,2,3, A. S. Jones4, N. Berend1,2,3, J. S. Magnussen1,5 and G. G. King1,2,3,6

1 The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, and 2 The Cooperative Research Centre for Asthma, and 3 University of Sydney, and 4 The Key Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney, and 5 Dept of Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, and 6 Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia.

CORRESPONDENCE: G. G. King, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia. Fax: 61 299066391. E-mail: ggk{at}woolcock.org.au

Keywords: Computer-assisted image processing, imaging, phantoms, validation studies

Received: February 3, 2005
Accepted June 30, 2006

Volume averaging results in both over- and underestimation of airway dimensions when they are measured by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). The current authors calibrated computerised measurements of airway dimensions from HRCT against a novel three-dimensional micro-computed tomography (CT) standard, which has a 50-fold greater resolution, as well as against traditional morphometry.

Inflation-fixed porcine lung cubes were scanned by HRCT and micro-CT. A total of 59 lumen area (Ai), 30 wall area (Aaw) and 11 lumen volume (Vi) measurements were made. Ai was measured from the cut surface of 11 airways by morphometry. Airways in scanned images were matched using branching points. After calibration, the errors of Ai, Aaw and Vi HRCT measurements were determined.

The current authors found a systematic, size-dependent underestimation of Ai and overestimation of Aaw from HRCT measurements. This was used to calibrate an HRCT measurement algorithm. The 95% limits of agreement of subsequent measurements were ±3.2 mm2 for Ai, ±4.3 mm2 for Aaw, and ±11.2 mm3 for Vi with no systematic error. Morphometric measurements agreed with micro-CT (±2.5 mm2) without systematic error.

In conclusion, micro-computed tomography image data from inflation-fixed airways can be used as calibration standards for three-dimensional lumen volume measurements from high-resolution computed tomography, while morphometry is acceptable for two-dimensional measurements. The image dataset could be used to validate other developmental three-dimensional segmentation algorithms.




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