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Eur Respir J 2006; 28:622-626
Copyright ©ERS Journals Ltd 2006

Toll-like receptor mRNA levels in alveolar macrophages after inhalation of endotoxin

N. A. Maris1,2, M. C. Dessing1,2, A. F. de Vos1,2, P. Bresser3, J. S. van der Zee3, H. M. Jansen3, C. A. Spek2 and T. van der Poll1,2

1 Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), and, 2 Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, and 3 Dept of Pulmonology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

CORRESPONDENCE: T. van der Poll, Academic Medical Center, Room G2-130, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Fax: 31 206977192. E-mail: t.vanderpoll{at}amc.uva.nl

Keywords: Endotoxin, humans, lipopolysaccharide, lung, macrophages, toll-like receptors

Received: January 24, 2006
Accepted May 25, 2006

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern-recognition receptors that have been implicated in the initiation of innate immune responses upon the first encounter with invading pathogens. The airways are frequently exposed to various types of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the environment or from pathogens. The current study was designed to determine the effect of LPS on TLR gene expression in human alveolar macrophages in vivo.

In total, 16 healthy subjects were enrolled in a single-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Subjects inhaled 100 µg LPS or normal saline (n = 8 per group). Measurements were performed in alveolar macrophages purified from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained 6 h post-challenge.

Inhalation of LPS by healthy human volunteers resulted in enhanced alveolar macrophage expression of mRNAs encoding TLRs 1, 2, 7, 8 and CD14, and reduced expression of mRNAs encoding TLR4 and lymphocyte antigen 96.

In conclusion, lipopolysaccharide differentially influences the toll-like receptor mRNA expression profile in human alveolar macrophages in vivo.




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