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Changes in active and passive smoking in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey

¹ Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden. ² Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. ³ University of Verona, Dept of Medicine and Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Statistics, Verona, Italy. ⁴ Dept of Public Health Sciences, King's College London, London, UK. ⁵ Dept Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland Hospital, Bergen, Norway. ⁶ Institute of Epidemiology, GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany. ⁷ Tartu University Clinics, Lung Clinic, Tartu, Estonia. ⁸ Dept Allergy, Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland. ⁹ Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain. ¹⁰ Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. ¹¹ Division of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS "San Matteo" Hospital, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. ¹² University of Groningen, Dept Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. ¹³ INSERM–The French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris, France. ¹⁴ University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.

CORRESPONDENCE: C. Janson, Dept of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Akademiska sjukhuset, SE 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. Fax: 46 186110228. E-mail: christer.janson{at}medsci.uu.se

Keywords: Epidemiology, passive smoking, smoking, socio-economic status

Received: September 12, 2005
Accepted November 22, 2005

The aim of the present investigation was to study changes and determinants for changes in active and passive smoking.

The present study included 9,053 adults from 14 countries that participated in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II. The mean follow-up period was 8.8 yrs. Change in the prevalence of active and passive smoking was expressed as absolute net change (95% confidence interval) standardised to a 10-yr period. Determinants of change were analysed and the results expressed as adjusted hazard risk ratio (HRR) or odds ratio (OR).

The prevalence of active smoking declined by 5.9% (5.1–6.8) and exposure to passive smoking in nonsmokers declined by 18.4% (16.8–20.0). Subjects with a lower educational level (HRR: 0.73 (0.54–0.98) and subjects living with a smoker (HRR: 0.45 (0.34–0.59)) or with workplace smoking (HRR: 0.69 (0.50–0.95)) were less likely to quit. Low socio-economic groups were more likely to become exposed (OR: 2.21 (1.61–3.03)) and less likely to cease being exposed to passive smoking (OR: 0.48 (0.37–0.61)).

In conclusion, the quitting rate was lower and the risk of exposure to passive smoking higher among subjects with lower socio-economic status. Exposure to other peoples smoking decreased quitting rates and increased the risk of starting to smoke.

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