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Copyright ©ERS Journals Ltd 2005
Skeletal muscle inflammation and nitric oxide in patients with COPD
1 Pulmonary Division, Hospital Universitario de Caracas, 2 Instituto de Medicina Experimental, Sección de Adaptación Muscular, and 3 Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.
CORRESPONDENCE: M. Montes de Oca, Hospital Universitario de Caracas, Piso 8 Servicio de Neumonología, Ciudad Universitaria, Caracas, Venezuela. Fax: 58 2127307503. E-mail: mmdeoca@cantv.net
Keywords: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, skeletal muscle
Received: September 15, 2004
Accepted April 19, 2005
In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) the presence of systemic inflammation has been associated with peripheral muscle abnormalities and weight loss.
To study whether inflammatory factors are important in these processes, the present study compared the skeletal muscle levels of nitrite, nitrate, nitrotyrosine, neuronal, endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases (nNOS, eNOS, and iNOS, respectively), and inflammatory markers (tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-
Nitrite (12.5±2.6 versus 17.0±3.4 µmol·mg–1 protein), nitrate (20.7±2.4 versus 24.4±4.5 µmol·mg–1 protein) and eNOS (31.9±4.6 versus 43.6±7.5 ng·mg–1 protein) were lower in COPD patients than in controls. Nitrotyrosine (25.6±5.4 versus 6.6±3.3 ng·mg–1 protein), iNOS expression (32±9.5 versus 7.16±2.7 ng·mg–1 protein), TNF-
In conclusion, these findings suggest the presence of an inflammatory process in the muscle tissue of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, and argue in favour of its participation in the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle abnormalities.
, CD154 and CD163) in 15 patients (forced expiratory volume in one second 43±11%) and 14 controls. All these markers were also compared between patients with normal and low body weight. (257±160 versus 48.3±4.4 pg·mg–1 protein) and CD163 (6.4±2.1 versus 0.8±0.4 ng·mg–1 protein) were higher in COPD patients than in controls. CD154 levels were 15.7±7.0 ng·mg–1 protein in COPD patients and undetectable in controls. Similar levels of all these markers were observed in COPD patients with normal and low body weight.
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