| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
1 National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, and 2 Dept of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
CORRESPONDENCE: P. J. Barnes, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College School of Medicine, Dovehouse St, London SW3 6LY, UK. Fax: 44 2073515675. E-mail: p.j.barnes@imperial.ac.uk
Keywords: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Received: December 7, 2004
Accepted January 5, 2005
ABSTRACT
Although long-acting bronchodilators have been an important advance for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), these drugs do not deal with the underlying inflammatory process. No currently available treatments reduce the progression of COPD or suppress the inflammation in small airways and lung parenchyma. Several new treatments that target the inflammatory process are now in clinical development. Some therapies, such as chemokine antagonists, are directed against the influx of inflammatory cells into the airways and lung parenchyma that occurs in COPD, whereas others target inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-
Broad spectrum anti-inflammatory drugs are now in phase III development for COPD, and include phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors. Other drugs that inhibit cell signalling include inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor-
More research is needed to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and to develop biomarkers and monitoring techniques to aid the development of new therapies.
. 
B and phosphoinositide-3 kinase-
. More specific approaches are to give antioxidants, inhibitors of inducible nitric oxide synthase and leukotriene B4 antagonists. Other treatments have the potential to combat mucus hypersecretion, and there is also a search for serine proteinase and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors to prevent lung destruction and the development of emphysema.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  A. Y. Meliton, N. M. Munoz, X. Zhu, and A. R. Leff Attenuated translocation of group IVa phospholipase A2 and up-regulated annexin-1 synthesis by glucocorticoid blocks {beta}2-integrin adhesion in neutrophils J. Leukoc. Biol., February 1, 2008; 83(2): 344 - 351. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Dombrowsky and S. Uhlig Steroids and histone deacetylase in ventilation-induced gene transcription Eur. Respir. J., November 1, 2007; 30(5): 865 - 877. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. M. Calverley Eur. Respir. Rev., September 1, 2007; 16(105): 89 - 90. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Roche Where current pharmacological therapies fall short in COPD: symptom control is not enough Eur. Respir. Rev., September 1, 2007; 16(105): 98 - 104. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. W. Chapman, M. Minnicozzi, C. S. Celly, J. E. Phillips, T. T. Kung, R. W. Hipkin, X. Fan, D. Rindgen, G. Deno, R. Bond, et al. A Novel, Orally Active CXCR1/2 Receptor Antagonist, Sch527123, Inhibits Neutrophil Recruitment, Mucus Production, and Goblet Cell Hyperplasia in Animal Models of Pulmonary Inflammation J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., August 1, 2007; 322(2): 486 - 493. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Hermann, W. Siegmund, T. Giessmann, K. Westphal, A. Weinbrenner, B. Hauns, F. Reutter, G. Lahu, K. Zech, and T. D. Bethke The Oral, Once-Daily Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor Roflumilast Lacks Relevant Pharmacokinetic Interactions With Inhaled Budesonide J. Clin. Pharmacol., August 1, 2007; 47(8): 1005 - 1013. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. I. Rennard, C. Fogarty, S. Kelsen, W. Long, J. Ramsdell, J. Allison, D. Mahler, C. Saadeh, T. Siler, P. Snell, et al. The Safety and Efficacy of Infliximab in Moderate to Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., May 1, 2007; 175(9): 926 - 934. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Fehrenbach Animal models of pulmonary emphysema: a stereologist's perspective Eur. Respir. Rev., December 1, 2006; 15(101): 136 - 147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Agusti Thomas A. Neff Lecture. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systemic Disease Proceedings of the ATS, August 1, 2006; 3(6): 478 - 481. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. J Barnes Future treatments BMJ, July 29, 2006; 333(7561): 246 - 248. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R Rodriguez-Roisin COPD exacerbations {middle dot} 5: Management. Thorax, June 1, 2006; 61(6): 535 - 544. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Ito, E. Bartolak-Suki, J. M. Shipley, H. Parameswaran, A. Majumdar, and B. Suki Early Emphysema in the Tight Skin and Pallid Mice: Roles of Microfibril-Associated Glycoproteins, Collagen, and Mechanical Forces Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., June 1, 2006; 34(6): 688 - 694. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. M. Fabbri, F. Luppi, B. Beghe, and K. F. Rabe Update in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2005. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., May 15, 2006; 173(10): 1056 - 1065. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Enright From the author Eur. Respir. J., September 1, 2005; 26(3): 559 - 559. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
